Unique landscape features and significance of former allotment gardens in the protection of the visual landscape
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36249/4d.69.4437Keywords:
allotment garden, landscape heritage, unique landscape feature , historical vineyard, landscape change, (visual) landscape protectionAbstract
The term “allotment garden” is a special form of land use, developed in Hungary under socialism in the early 1960s. It originally referred to privately owned small parcels of land, traditionally vineyards, orchards and gardens, which offered their owners weekend recreation in addition to the opportunity of backyard farming. However, the vast majority of allotment gardens have a historical background, with horticulture having existed before gardens were classified as allotment gardens. Since their creation, allotment gardens have undergone a significant change of function. Some have been preserved for traditional small-scale garden farming, while others were integrated into settlements as residential areas, or grassy, neglected, afforested areas. Despite the process of transformation and degradation, allotment gardens still today contain various landscape features: they more or less preserve the characteristics of human conscious land-scape forming activities, landscape pattern, natural heritage and valuable visual features of the landscape, and in many cases the heritage of historic land use and remained traces of farming. This article approaches the value of allotment gardens from a heritage and visual landscape protection viewpoint, at national and sample area level. The aim of the study is to explore vineyard origins and landscape significance of allotment gardens and to present the unique landscape features of allotment gardens applying geographic information methods. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the vineyard origins analysis revealed that the vineyard past as a historical antecedent can be detected in a significant part of the total area of allotment gardens. The results of the study indicated that unique landscape features occur at a density almost five times higher than the national average in the allotment-garden areas. One-third of the country's unique landscape features related to vine and fruit production are concentrated in these areas. However, the research also revealed that the survey on allotment garden landscape features of cultural and historical significance is far from being complete. Presumably, there are many more landscape features (cellars, gorges and retaining walls of stone) in the allotment gardens than are recorded in the unique landscape feature database. The significance of allotment gardens in the protection of the visual landscape is confirmed by the fact that the proportion of allotment garden patches classified as zones of visually sensitive landscapes is almost one and a halftimes the national rate.
References
Acanum Adatbázis Kft.: Second Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire (1841-1842). URL: https://maps.arcanum.com/hu/ map/europe-19century-secondsurvey [2023.05.30.]
Act C of 2021 on the Real Estate Registry. URL: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly? docid=a2100100.tv [2023.05.30.]
Act CXXXIX of 2018 on the Spatial Planning Plan of Hungary and Certain Priority Regions of Hungary. URL: https://teszt.njt.hu/ jogszabaly/2018-139-00-00 [2023.05.30.]
Albicz Kinga – Hubayné Horváth Nóra (2022): Former enclosed gardens as sites of slow tourism in Hungary. In: Fábos, Julius Gy. – Ahern, Jack – Breger, Benjamin – Eisenman, Theodore S. – Gharaibeh, Anne – Jombach Sándor – Keszthelyi Ákos Bence – Kollányi László – Filepné Kovács Krisztina – Lindhult, Mark – Lynch, Amy – Ryan, Robert L. – Smardon, Richard – Valánszki István (ed.) Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning, [online] 7th Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning, Budapest, Hungary, Vol. 7. Issue 1, Article 31. p. 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7275/v436-wh34
Albicz Kinga – Vaszócsik Vilja (2019): Historical Study of the garden plots in the Danube Bend from the 19th century to the present. In: Fábos, Julius Gy. – Ahern, Jack – Breger, Benjamin – Eisenmann, Theodore S. – Jombach Sándor – Kollányi László – Lindhult, Mark S. – Ryan, Robert L. – Valánszki István (ed.) Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning, [online] 6th Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning, adapting to Expanding and Contracting Cities, Amherst, MA., USA, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Article 8. p. 15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7275/de1w-2j46
Cros Kárpáti Zsuzsa – Gubicza Csilla – Ónodi Gábor (2004): Kertségek és kertművelők. Urbanizáció vagy vidékfejlesztés? Mezőgazda Kiadó: Budapest.
Csirszki Martin Milán (2018): Closed gardens: the peripheries of agriculture = Zártkertek: a mezőgazdaság perifériái. Agrár-és környezetjog [online], 13 (25), 22-45. ISSN 1788-6171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2018.25.22
Geoinformatics layer of allotment gardens year 2008, 2011 (Data host: Lechner Knowledge Center)
Geoinformatics layer of Zone of visually sensitive landscapes, 2023 (Data host: Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture)
Illyés Zsuzsanna – Varga Dalma - Kotsis István – Földi Zsófia – Hubayné Horváth Nóra – Albicz Kinga (2022): Zártkerti területek fejlesztése. Oktatási és tervezési segédlet. Ormos Imre Alapítvány: Budapest. 92 p. ISBN 978-615-81628-5-2.
Kiss Gábor – Tóth Szilvia – Sikabonyi Miklós – Farkas Roland (2011): Mindennapi kisemlékeink megőrzéséért. Útmutató az egyedi tájértékek kataszterezéséhez. Budapest: Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium. [online]. ISBN 978-963-08-1387-7, p. 44. URL: http://www.termeszetvedelem. hu/_user/browser/File/Taj/Mindennapi%20 kisemlekeink_2011.pdf [2023.05.30.]
Laposa József (1979): Zártkertek sorsa. A balatoni szőlővidék zártkertjeinek példája alapján. Valóság, 6(22). 92-99.
Laposa József (1988): Szőlőhegyek a Balaton-felvidéken. Mezőgazdasági Kiadó: Budapest. ISBN 963-232-478-1
Pető Piroska (without specifying the year): Unique landscape value census. URL: https://petopiroska.hu/tevekenysegeim/ egyedi-tajertek-kataszterezes/ [2023.05. 30.]
Pócsi Gabriella (2009): Kiskertek a városok peremén. Kiskertek differenciálódása a rendszerváltozás óta, Szeged példáján. In: Szabó Valéria – Fazekas István (ed.): Települési Környezet, II. Települési Környezet Konferencia előadásai és poszterei, II. Települési Környezet Konferencia. Debrecen, Hungary. University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, pp 36-42. ISBN 978-963-473-336-2
Pócsi Gabriella (2014): Zártkertek vagy kertes házak? A Falu, 4(29), 55-66.
Téka offline database, national repository of individual landscape values, 2020 (Data host: Kollányi László)
Tóth Szilvia – Szijártó Ágnes – Kiss Gábor (2012): Az egyedi tájértékek nyilvántar¬tásának tájvédelmi szempontú elemzése. Tájökológiai lapok [online] 10(1), 139-152. URL: http://www.tajokologiailapok.szie.hu/ pdf/201201/11_Toth.pdf [2023.05.30.]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Albicz Kinga, Hubayné Horváth Nóra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).
