Entrepreneurship as a tool for women empowerment in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18531/sme.vol.10.no.1.pp.3-13Schlagwörter:
Female Entrepreneurship, Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, NigeriaAbstract
Women entrepreneurship is one of the key areas in advancing gender equality and achieving economic empowerment among women. The women empowerment topic which stems from the SDGs 5 of gender equality is known to be one of the ways through which long term economic success can be achieved in many nations of the world. A means of achieving this is through female entrepreneurships which provide the economic stability and strength for many women and help them become independent. Women entrepreneurs account for up to a third of all businesses operating in the formal economy worldwide, however, the majority of those in developing and transitioning economies are very small and micro enterprises, with little potential for growth most especially among the female gender. Female entrepreneurship in Nigeria has often been driven by necessity and seen as a norm in emerging markets due to insufficient formal employment. Nigerian women involved in entrepreneurs are being faced with many challenges which ranges from lack of access to funds, infrastructures, entrepreneurial trainings, and small business sizes, which calls for urgent need, intervention, and appropriate measures by government. This study examined the importance of women entrepreneurship in Nigeria, it further gave a breakdown of the labor force in the aspect of women participation, the entrepreneurial reasons women venture into businesses and what strategies could be implemented to create enabling environment for female in businesses and positive impact on women empowerment in the country.
Literaturhinweise
Budgeon, S. (2015): Individualized femininity and feminist politics of choice. Eur. J. Women’s Stud, 22 (3), 303–318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506815576602
Brush, C. G. ⎯ Cooper, S. Y. (2012): Female entrepreneurship and economic development: an international perspective. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 24, 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.637340
Chandra, R. (2007): Women Empowerment in India-milestones & challenges. In national confer-ence on “What it takes to eradicate poverty”, organized by the PACS Program, New Delhi.
De Vita, L. ⎯ Mari, M. ⎯ Poggesi, S. (2014): Women entrepreneurs in and from developing countries: Evidence from the literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451–460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.07.009
Farkas, T. – Bruder, E. – Kolta, D. – Gerencsér, I. (2021): Diverse migration processes of rural youth and young adults in Hungary. In: Schafft, Kai; Stanic, Sonja; Horvatek, Renate; Ma-selli, Annie (szerk.) Rural youth at the crossroads: Transitional societies in central Europe and beyond. New York, USA: Routledge, 250, 157–175.
Fielden, S. ⎯ Davidson, M. (2005): International Handbook of Women and Small Business En-trepreneurship, Edward Elgar, London.
Freire, P. (2020): Pedagogy of the oppressed. In Toward a sociology of education. Routledge, 374–386.
Fox, L. ⎯ Romero, C. (2017): In the mind, the household, or the market? concepts and meas-urement of women's economic empowerment. Concepts and Measurement of Women's Economic Empowerment (May 31, 2017). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (8079).
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2010): 2010 Women’s report.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2012): 2011 Extended report: Entrepreneurs and entrepre-neurial employees across the globe.
Gupta, K. – Yesudian, P. P. (2006): Evidence of women’s empowerment in India: A study of socio-spatial disparities. Geo-Journal, 65, 365–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-006-7556-z
Hughes, A. ⎯ Kitson, M. (2012): Pathways to impact and the strategic role of universities: new evidence on the breadth and depth of university knowledge exchange in the UK and the fac-tors 362 Feiz et al. constraining its development. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36(3), 723–750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bes017.
International Labour Organization (2016): Sustainable Enterprise Programme Women’s Entre-preneurship Development
Kabeer, N. (1999): Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of wom-en's empowerment. Development and change, 30(3), 435–464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125
Kassai, Zs; Farkas, T. (2016): School closures in rural Hungary. In: Elena, Horská; Zuzana, Kapsdorferová; Marcela, Hallová (szerk.) The Agri-Food Value Chain: Challenges for Natu-ral Resources Management and Society: International Scientific Days 2016: Conference pro-ceedings Nitra, Slovakia: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra 1(108), 477–483.
Mandal K.C (2013): Concept and Types of Women Empowerments. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 9(2).
Kurtis, T. – Adams, G. ⎯ Estrada-Villalta, S. (2016): Decolonizing empowerment: implications for sustainable well-being. Anal. Soc. Issues Public Policy, 16, 387–391.
Leder, S. (2016): Linking women’s empowerment and their resilience: Literature review. Tech-nical Report. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3395.0809
Malhotra, A. – Schuler, S. R. (2005): Women’s empowerment as a variable in international de-velopment. Measuring empowerment: Cross-disciplinary perspectives, 1(1), 71–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e597202012-004
Mandal, K. C. (2013): Concept and Types of Women Empowerments. International Forum of Teaching & Studies, 9(2).
Maayoufi D. ⎯ Farkas T. ⎯ Bruder E. (2022): The Positive Socio-Economic Impact of Solidari-ty Economy in Rural Women: A Comparative Study of Tunisia, Africa and Global World. SEYBOLD REPORT 17(08), 1988–1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zendo.7066352.
Mujahid, N. – Ali, M. – Noman, M. – Begum, A. (2015): Dimensions of women empowerment: A case study of Pakistan. Dimensions, 6(1), 37–45.
Nagarajan, N. (2016): The rural women entrepreneurial problems in India. Primax International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, special issue, 15–18.
Noor, S. ⎯ Isa, F. M. ⎯ Nor, L. M. (2021): Women empowerment through women entrepreneur-ship: a comparison between women entrepreneurs and fulltime housewife in Paki-stan. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 14(2), 347–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2020.302633.674074
Nwoye, M. (2007): Gender responsive entrepreneurial economy of Nigeria: Enabling women in a disabling environment. Journal of International Women's Studies, 9(1), 167–175. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol9/iss1/10
Obi, A. V. ⎯ Okechukwu, E. U. ⎯ Egbo, D. E. (2017): Overcoming socio-cultural barriers on economic empowerment of rural women through entrepreneurship in agriculture in South-east State, Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Scienc-es, 6(4), 199–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v6-i4/5425
OECD, (1997): Entrepreneurship and SMEs in transitional economics. The Vise grad Confer-ence, OECD Proceedings Plans.
Onugu, B. A. N. (2005). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria: Problems and Pro-spects. Small Business Journal.
Oseremen, E. (2015): Women entrepreneurs: issues, challenges, and prospects in Igueben local government area, Edo state, Nigeria. African journal of politics and administrative studies, 8, 126–135.
Perryman, L. A. ⎯ de Los Arcos, B. (2016): Women’s empowerment through openness: OER, OEP and the Sustainable Development Goals. Open Praxis, 8(2), 163–180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.8.2.289
Priya S. (2017): A critical analysis about challenge of 21st century of women empowerment in India. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(11), 330–333.
PwC (2020): Impact of Women on Nigeria’s Economy. Economic Impact of Good Govern-ance. https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/publications/impact-of-women-on-nigerias-economy.html
Sajuyigbe, A. S. ⎯ Fadeyibi, I. O. (2017): Women entrepreneurship and sustainable economic development: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 5(2), 19–46. https://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/view/63
United Nations (2015): Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop-ment. United Nations Sustainable knowledge platform. Available online: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld
Verick, S. (2014): Female labor force participation in developing countries. IZA World of La-bor. Women entrepreneurs and formalization in Nigeria: Study on barriers and opportunities validated by tripartite constituents and informal sector representatives ILO 2022
Women’s working Group (2005): Women’s budget group response to the women and work commission February 2005. URL: http://wbg.org.uk/documents/WBGsubmissiontoWWC11.02.05.pdf
Downloads
Veröffentlicht
Ausgabe
Rubrik
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2023 Oluwakemi Rachael Adeleye, Koponics Györke Diána, Gubacsi Francsika
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).
