Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi under the pressure of monoculture and different crop rotations in a long term field experiment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3801Keywords:
arbuscular mycorrhiza, crop rotation, monoculture, maize (Zea mays L.), biodiversityAbstract
Nowadays environmentally friendly crop production technologies more and more come to the fore, which ensure the reduction of the amount of fertilizer and pesticide while maintaining crop yield and quality. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, that form symbioses with the majority of terrestrial plant species including a large proportion of cultivated plants, can play a significant role in this process. Different agricultural practices, such as mechanical disturbance, chemical fertilization and pesticide application can negatively affect the AM fungal community. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to assess the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated mainly with maize (Zea mays L.) in a long-term monoculture-based cultivation and various crop rotation systems (3 yrs alfalfa/5 yrs corn, 2 yrs wheat/2 yrs corn, and corn/spring barley/peas/ wheat [Norfolk type] crop rotation systems), established at Martonvásár by the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Research Academy of Sciences. Our investigations aimed to determine the number of AM fungal spores in 1 g of the rhizosphere soils of plants, to estimate mycorrhization percentages, to identify the mycorrhizal fungi actively colonizing the roots of plants by molecular techniques (amplifying a portion of AM fungal 18S rDNA by nested-PCR), and to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the AM fungal community.
In accord once with the literature the root colonization rates and also the AM fungal spore numbers changed with the progress of the vegetation period. In corn monoculture we found a relatively rich AMF community even after such an extreme and durable reduction of host plant diversity. Furthermore, significant differences in the composition of AMF communities were detected between the maize monocropping and the crop rotation systems.
The research was supported by the TÁMOP 4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-011 „Development of a complex educatio- nal assistance/support system for talented students and prospective researchers at the Szent István University” project and by grants from the National Research Council (OTKA K101878).
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