Seed germination, growth and metal uptake of Medicago sativa L. grown in heavy metal contaminated clay loam brown forest soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3901Keywords:
Alfalfa, Heavy metal uptake, Plant growth and biomass, Clay loam brown forest soilAbstract
The use of plants for heavy metal-polluted soil rehabilitation is an emerging ecologically sound and safe technique. An in vitro laboratory experiment was conducted for 15 days in Petri dishes containing 3 layers of Whatman filter papers wetted by 50 ml of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, separately at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 to 160 µM to determine their impacts on germination rate, root and shoot growth of surface sterilized alfalfa seeds. An in vivo experiment was also conducted in a greenhouse setting, and the alfalfa seeds were grown for 8 weeks in plastic pots containing 2 kg of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) contaminated clay loam brown forest soil at different concentration levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 to 160 mg/kg). The results of in vitro demonstrated that the rates of seed germination, root and shoot growth were affected by Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb metals at higher concentrations of 80 and 160 µM. The inhibitory decreasing order of metal toxicity on seed germination was Cd > Cu > Ni > Pb > Zn. However, seed germination increased at all Zn dosages. Meanwhile, the lower concentrations of investigated metals (10 and 20 µM) stimulated the root and shoots length and at 10 and 20 mg/kg concentration levels increase plant biomass. It was found that alfalfa was able to grow efficiently at all Zn concentrations except at 160 mg/kg. The results showed that alfalfa was able to uptake the heavy metals at the applied concentrations ranging from 10 to 160 mg/kg by various degrees. Finally, the alfalfa plants, to some extent, demonstrated their potential in cleaning the soil environment from heavy metals.
References
Alloway B.J. 1995: Soil processes and the behaviour of heavy metals. pp.11–37. In. B.J. Alloway (ed.) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie Academic and Professional, London.
Alvarez-Ayuso E. 2008: Cadmium in soil-plant systems: an overview. Intern. J. Environ. Pollution, 33: 275-291. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2008.019399
Angel J.S., Linacre N.A. 2005: Metal phytoextraction-A survey of potential risks. Intern. J. Phytoremediation, 7: 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/16226510500215779
Baker A.J.M., Brooks R.R. 1998: Terrestrial higher plants which accumulate metals elements: A review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery, 1: 81-126.
Bingham F.T., Sposito G., Strong J.E. 1984: The effect of chloride on the availability of cadmium. J. Environ. Qual., 13: 71-74. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300010013x
Boominathan R., Doran P.M. 2003: Cadmium tolerance antioxidative defenses hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens. Biotechnol. Bioengineering, 83: 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.10656
Chaignon V., Hinsinger P. 2003: A biotest for evaluating copper bioavailability to plants in a contaminated soil. J. Environ. Qual., 32: 824-833. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.8240
Cheng T., Allen H.E. 2001: Prediction of uptake of copper from solution by lettuce (lactuca sativa romance). Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20: 2544-2551. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620201121
Chhotu J.D., Fulekar M.H. 2008: Phytotoxicity and remediation of heavy metals by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in soil-vermicompost media. Adv. Nat. Appl. Sci., 2: 141-151.
Cui Y., Wang Q., Christie P. 2004: Effect of elemental sulphur on uptake of cadmium, zinc and sulphur by oilseed rape growing in soil contaminated with zinc and cadmium. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 35: 2905-2916. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200036494
Fitamo D., Itana F., Olsson M. 2007: Total contents and sequential extraction of heavy metals in soils irrigated with wastewater, Akaki, Ethiopia. Environ. Mgmt., 39: 178-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0074-4
Gerard E., Echevarria G., Sterckeman T., More J.L. 2000: Cadmium availability to three plant species varying in cadmium accumulation pattern. J. Environ. Qual., 29: 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900040012x
Giller K.E., Witter E., Mcgrath S.P. 1998: Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 30: 1389-1414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00270-8
Gondek K., Filipek-Mazur B. 2003: Biomass yields of shoots and roots of plants cultivated in soil amended by vermicomposts based on tannery sludge and content of heavy metals in plant issues. Soil Environ., 49: 402-409. https://doi.org/10.17221/4144-PSE
Grifferty A., Barrington S. 2000: Zinc uptake by young wheat plants under two trand piration regimes. J. Environ. Qual., 29: 443-446. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020011x
Guiweia Q., De Varennesa A, Martinsa L.L., Mouratoa M.P., Cardosoa A.I., Motab A.M., Pintoc A.P., Gonçalvesb M.L. 2010: Improvement in soil and sorghum health following the application of polyacrylate polymers to a Cd-contaminated soil. J. Hazardous Materials, 173: 570-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.124
Gyawali R., Lekhak H.D. 2006: Chromium tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from Kathmandu valley. Nepal. Scientific World, 4: 4-10.
Holm P.E., Christensen H.T., Tjell J.C., Mcgrath S.P. 1995: Heavy metals in the environment. Speciation of cadmium and zinc with application to soil solutions. J. Environ. Qual., 24: 183-190. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010025x
Ilyin I., Rosovskaya O., Tranikov O., Aas W., Hettelingh J.P., Reindsg.J. 2008: Heavy metals: trand boundary pollution of the environment. EMEP Status Report 2/2008 (JointMSC-E and CCC and CCE Report). Convention on Long-range Trand boundary Air Pollution.
Joshi U.N., Luthra Y.P. 2000: Diversification of agriculture for human nutrition. Current Sci., 78: 1-4.
Klassen S.P., Mclean J.E., Grossel P.R., Sims R.C. 2000: Fate and behavior of lead in soils planted with metal resistant species (River birch and small wing sedge). J. Environ. Qual., 29: 1826-1834. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060013x
Lasat M.M. (2002): Phytoextraction of toxic metals: A review of biological mechanisms, J. Environ. Qual., 31: 109-120. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1090
Lopez M.L., Peralta-Videa J.R., Benitez T., Gardea-Torresdey J.L. 2005: Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using EDTA and a plant growth promoter. Chemosphere, 61: 595-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.028
Ma J.H., Chu C.J., Li J., Song B. 2009: Heavy metal pollution in soils on railroad side of Zhengzhou-Putian section of Longxi-Haizhou Railroad, China. Pedosphere, 19: 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(08)60091-0
Mico C., Rectala L., Peris M., Sanches J. 2006: Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere, 65: 863-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.016
Nicholson F.A., Smith S.R., Alloway B.J., Carlton-Smith C., Chambers B.J. 2003: An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales. The Science of the Total Environment, 311: 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00139-6
Nouri J., Peterson P.J., Alloway J.B. 2001: Effect of variation in harvest time on the uptake of metals by barley plants from soil amended with sludge and compost. J. Biol. Sci., 1: 1056-1059. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.1056.1059
Ormrod D.P., Hale J.C., Allen O.B. 1986: Joint action of particulate fall-out Nickel and rooting medium nickel on soybean plants. Environ. Pollution, 41: 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90075-9
Peralta-Videa J.R., De La Rosag., Gonzalez J.H., Gardea-Torresdey J.L. 2004: Effects of the growth stage on the heavy metal tolerance of alfalfa plants. Adv. Environ. Res., 8: 679-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(03)00040-6
Pivetz B.E. 2001: Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1-35.
Rehab F.B., Prevost D., Tyagi R.D. 2002: Growth of alfalfa in sludge-amended soils and inoculated with rhizobia produced in sludge. J. Environ. Qual., 31: 1339-1348. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1339
Roy S., Labelle S., Mehta P., Mihoc A., Fortin N., Masson C., Leblanc R., Chateauneuf G., Sura C., Gallipeau C., Olsen C., Delisle S., Labrecque M., Greer C.W. 2005: Phytoremediation of heavy metal and PAH-contaminated brownfield sites. Plant and soil, 272: 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-5295-9
Shen Z.G., Li X.D., Wang C.C., Chen H.M., Chua H. 2002: Lead phytoextraction from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species. J. Environ. Qual., 31: 1893-1900. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1893
Tiemann K.J., Gardea-Torresdey J.L., Gamez G., Dokken K. 1998: Interference studies for multimetal binding by Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Depart. Chem. Environ. Sci. Eng., University of Texas. Proceedings of the 1998 Conf. on Hazardous Waste Res., pp. 63.Urban H. 2007: Impact of urban agriculture. Highlights of urban harvest research and development, 2003-2006. pp. 66.
Vasiliadou S., Dordas C. 2009: Increased concentration of soil cadmium affects on plant growth, dry matter accumulation, Cd, and Zn uptake of different tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Intern. J. Phytoremediation, 11: 115-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510802378400
Vincent J.M. 1970: Manual of techniques for the study of root nodule bacteria. IBP Handbook. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford.
Wu Y., Hendershot W. 2010: Effect of Calcium and pH on Copper Binding and Rhizotoxicity to Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Root: Empirical Relationships and Modeling. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 59: 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9450-4
Xiong Z.T. 1998: Lead uptake and effects on seed germination and plant growth in a Pb hyperaccumulator Brassica pekinensis Rupr. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 6: 258-291.Yang X.E., Peng H.Y., Jiang L.Y. 2005: Phytoremediation of copper from contaminated soil by Elsholtzia splendens as affected by https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900623
EDTA, citric acid and compost. Intern. J. Phytoremediation, 7: 69-83.Zhu D., Schwab A.P., Banks M.K. 1999: Heavy metal leaching from mine tailings as affected by plants. J. Environ. Qual., 28: 1727-1732. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060006x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Laila M.H. Abusriwil, Hosam E.A.F. Bayoumi Hamuda, Alaelddin A. Elfoughi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).
