Effects of mycorrhizal inoculants on cultivation of two spice pepper types and local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3791Keywords:
pepper, arbuscular mycorrhiza, diversity, PCR-RFLPAbstract
Plants in most of the major plant families form symbiotic associations between their roots and mycorrhizal fungi in nature. One type of mycorrhizal association, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, can contribute significantly to plant nutrition by promoting the uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, resulting in improved plant growth and health. Colonization by AM may also improve rooting and plant establishment and enhance plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Though the majority of horticultural crops are mycorrhiza-dependent, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in plant production has been neglected in high-input agriculture.
Field application of commercial inoculum mix of Glomus spp. was tested in two types of spice pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum), cv. Szegedi and cv. Kalocsai cultivation. With polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), differences in small subunit ribosomal RNA genes were used to characterize groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with respect to effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on indigenous AMF population. However, due to limitations of the applied technique, we couldn’t draw conclusions about the change at species level, but only at ribotypes level.
The AMF inoculant was able to establish in the rhizosphere of both pepper types. According to the Tukey test, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased fresh weight of shoots of both variants and highly significantly enhanced dry weights of shoots of spice pepper var. Szegedi. Treated plants exhibited an increase in cumulative crop production compared to controls, mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield of spice pepper var. Szegedi by more than 60% compared to the non-treated control plants. Having relatively high root colonization in the control, non-inoculated treatment indicated high presence of indigenous populations of AMF in the field soil. The effect of seasonality, as a change in the fungal community colonizing the roots of pepper, was also detected using molecular tools. Although the inoculation affected structure of resident AM fungal community, there was no remarkable decrease in AMF species diversity and apparently no deleterious effects connected with aggressiveness as regards native populations of the AMF. However, further research is needed to specify the shift in AMF community and to consider long-term effects of inoculation on maintenance of diversity of the AMF community.
References
Antunes P. M., Koch A. M., Dunfield K. E., Hart M. M., Downing A., Rillig M. C., Klironomos J. N. 2009: Influence of commercial inoculation with Glomus intraradices on the structure and functioning of an AM fungal community from an agricultural site. Plant Soil 317: 257−266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9806-y
Bedini S., Pellegrino E., Avio L., Pellegrini S., Bazzoffi P., Argese E., Giovannetti M. 2009: Changes in soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein content as affected by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 41: 1491-1496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.005
Fitter A. H., Helgason T., Hodge A. 2011: Nutritional exchanges in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: implications for sustainable agriculture. Fungal Biology Reviews 2: 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2011.01.002
Gemma J. N., Koske R. E. 1988: Seasonal variation in spore abundance and dormancy of Gigaspora gigantea and mycorrhizal inoculum potential of a dune soil. Mycologia 80: 211−216. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1988.12025522
George E. 2000: Nurient uptake. Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to plant mineral nutrition. In: Arbuscular mycorrhizas: phisiology and function. In: Kapulnik Y., Douds D. D. JR. Kluwer (eds.) pp. 307−343. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0776-3_14
Giovannetti M., Mosse B. 1980: An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist 84: 489−500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x
Kaya C., Ashraf M., Sonmez O., Aydemir S., Tuna A. L., Cullu M. A. 2009: The influence of arbuscular myc- orrhizal colonisation on key growth parameters and fruit yield of pepper plants grown at high salinity. Scientia Horticulturae 121: 1−6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.001
Koch A. M., Antunes P.M., Barto E. K., Cipollini D., Mummey D. L., Klironomos J. N. 2011: The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal and garlic mustard introductions on native AM fungal diversity. Biological Invasion 13: 1627−1639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9920-7
Lekberg Y., Koide R. T., Rohr J.R., Aldrichwolfe L., Morton J.B. 2007: Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. Journal of Ecology 95: 95−105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01193.x
Mummey D. L., Antunes P. M., Rillig M. C. 2009: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi pre-inoculant identity determi- nes community composition in roots. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1173-1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.027
Pellegrino E., Bedini S., Avio L., Bonari E., Giovannetti M. 2011: Field inoculation effectiveness of native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a Mediterranean agricultural soil. Soil Biology and Bio- chemistry 43: 367−376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.002
Pozo M.J., Azcón-Aguilar C. 2007: Unravelling mycorrhiza-induced resistance. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 10: 393−398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2007.05.004
Requena N., Perez-Solis E., Azcón-Aguilar C., Jeffries P., Bareal J. M. 2001: Management of indigenous plant-microbe symbioses aids restoration of desertified ecosystems. Applied and Environmental Mic- robiology 67: 495−498. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.2.495-498.2001
Russo V.M., Perkins-Veazie P. 2010: Yield and nutrient content of bell pepper pods from plants developed from seedlings inoculated, or not, with microorganisms. Hort Science 45: 352−358. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.3.352
Rinaudo V., Barberi P., Giovannetti M., Van Der Heijden M.G.A. 2010: Mycorrhizal fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds. Plant and Soil 333: 7−20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0202-z
Saito K., Suyama Y., Sato S., Sugawara K. 2004: Defoliation effects on the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi based on 18S rDNA sequences. Mycorrhiza 14: 363−373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-003-0286-x
Schwartz M. W., Hoeksema J. D., Gehring C. A., Johnson N. C., Klironomos J. N., Abott L. K., Pringle A. 2006: The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inocu- lum. Ecology Letters 9: 501−515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00910.x
Vestergard M., Henry F., Rangel-Castro J. I., Michelsen A., Prosser J. I., Christensen S. 2008: Rhizosphere bacterial community composition responds to arbuscular mycorrhiza, but not to reductions in microbi- al activity induced by foliar cutting. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 64: 78−89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00447.x
Vierheilig H., Coughlan A.P., Wyss U., Piche Y. 1998: Ink and vinegar, a simple staining technique for arbus- cular-mycorrhizal fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 5004−5007. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.12.5004-5007.1998
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Hernádi Ildikó, Franco Magurno, Sasvári Zita, Posta Katalin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).
