Link between cultural dimensions and leadership styles of organizational managers in Turkey context of hofstede and GLOBE studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18531/Studia.Mundi.2022.09.04.88-103Kulcsszavak:
Cross-Cultural Leadership, Cultural Dimensions, Leadership StylesAbsztrakt
This research aimed to provide a better comprehension of link between cultural dimensions and leadership styles of managers in Turkey based on previous studies in the literature which draws on both international and Turkish research. We have done this by clarifying concept of cross-cultural leadership, cross-cultural studies related to cultural dimensions, cultural dimensions of Turkey and leadership styles of Turkish managers. Organizational leadership is affected by many factors such as cultural dimensions. Cultural dimensions have impact on leadership styles of managers and many scholars have studied on link between leadership style of managers and cultural dimensions of countries. Based on literature, it is proved positive relationship between two components that cultural dimensions and leadership styles of Turkish managers.Turkey is collectivist,high power distance and human-oriented country, therefore Paternalistic and Authoritarian leadership style are the most common among the managers
Hivatkozások
Akdeniz, D., & Seymen, O. A. (2012). Diagnosing national and organizational culture differences: A research in hotel enterprises. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 2(1), 198–217.
Arun, K., & Gedik, N. K. (2020). Impact of Asian cultural values upon leadership roles and styles. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88, 428–448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320935982
Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421–449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163621
Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism. In U. Kim, K.-S. Yang, & K.-K. Hwang (Eds.), Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context (pp. 445–466). Springer US. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28662-4_20
Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A 10‐country comparison. Applied Psychology, 49(1), 192–221.
Aygün, Z. K., & Imamoĝlu, E. O. (2002). Value domains of Turkish adults and university students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(3), 333–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540209603903
Bartsch, V., Ebers, M., & Maurer, I. (2013). Learning in project-based organizations: The role of project teams’ social capital for overcoming barriers to learning. International Journal of Project Management, 31(2), 239–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.06.009
Bearden, W. O., Money, R. B., & Nevins, J. L. (2006). Multidimensional versus unidimensional measures in assessing national culture values: The Hofstede VSM 94 example. Journal of Business Research, 59(2), 195–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.04.008
Berkman, Ü., & Özen, Ş. (2007). Turkish business system and managerial culture: State dependency and paternalism in transition. E. Davel, JP Dupuis ve JF Chanlat. Culture and Management in the Contemporary World.
Biggart, N. W., & Hamilton, G. G. (1984). The power of obedience. Administrative Science Quarterly, 540–549.
Bonsu, S., & Twum-Danso, E. (2018). Leadership style in the global economy: A focus on cross-cultural and transformational leadership. Journal of Marketing and Management, 9(2), 37–52.
Brodbeck, F. C., Frese, M., Akerblom, S., Audia, G., Bakacsi, G., Bendova, H., Bodega, D., Bodur, M., Booth, S., & Brenk, K. (2006). Cultural variation of leadership prototypes across 22 European countries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(1), 1–29.
Byrne, G. J., & Bradley, F. (2007). Culture’s influence on leadership efficiency: How personal and national cultures affect leadership style. Journal of Business Research, 60(2), 168–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.10.015
Çarkoğlu, A., & Aytaç, S. E. (2016). Individual giving and philanthropy in Turkey. Istanbul: Third Sector Foundation of Turkey.
Central Intelligence Agency. (2016). Turkey. In The World Factbook.Retrieved 1 September 2022 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
Chrobot-Mason, D., Ruderman, M. N., Weber, T. J., Ohlott, P. J., & Dalton, M. A. (2007). Illuminating a cross-cultural leadership challenge: When identity groups collide. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(11), 2011–2036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701639778
Danişman, A., & Özgen, H. (2003). Örgüt kültürü çalışmalarında yöntem tartışması: Niteliksel-niceliksel yöntem ikileminde niceliksel ölçümler ve bir ölçek önerisi. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 91–124.
Den Hartog, D. N., House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Ruiz-Quintanilla, S. A., Dorfman, P. W., Abdalla, I. A., Adetoun, B. S., Aditya, R. N., Agourram, H., & Akande, A. (1999). Culture specific and cross-culturally generalizable implicit leadership theories: Are attributes of charismatic/transformational leadership universally endorsed? The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 219–256.
Dickson, M. W., den Hartog, D. N., & Mitchelson, J. K. (2003). Research on leadership in a cross-cultural context: Making progress, and raising new questions. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 729–768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lequa.2003.09.002
Dilber, M. (1968). Management in the Turkish private sector industry.
Dorfman, P., Hanges, P., & Brodbeck, F. C. (2004). Leadership prototypes and cultural variation: The identification of culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership. Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, 10–22.
Engelen, A., Schmidt, S., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2014). Top management’s transformational leader behaviors and innovation orientation: A cross-cultural perspective in eight countries. Journal of International Management, 20(2), 124–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2013.04.003
Erben, G. S., & Güneşer, A. B. (2008). The relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational commitment: Investigating the role of climate regarding ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 955–968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9605-z
Ercan, Ü., & SIĞRI, Ü. (2015). Kültürel değerlerin liderlik özelliklerine etkisi: Türk ve Amerikalı yöneticiler üzerine bir araştırma. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(3), 95–126.
Ersoy, N. C., Born, M. P., Derous, E., & Van der Molen, H. T. (2012). The effect of cultural orientation and leadership style on self-versus other-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour in Turkey and the Netherlands. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 15(4), 249–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839x.2012.01380.x
Fairhurst, G. T., & Grant, D. (2010). The social construction of leadership: A sailing guide. Management Communication Quarterly, 24(2), 171–210.
Farh, J.-L., & Cheng, B.-S. (2000). A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In Management and organizations in the Chinese context (pp. 84–127). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511590_5
Fikret Pasa, S., Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2001). Society, organisations, and leadership in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 50(4), 559–589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00073
Furmańczyk, J. (2010). The cross-cultural leadership aspect. Journal of Intercultural Management, 2(2), 67–82.
Garamvölgyi, J. & Rudnák, I. (2016). Cultural Intelligence: key influences. Social Space = Przestrzen Spoleczna (2084-7696 2084-1558): 2 pp 1-19
Gercik, İ. Z. (2018). Türk Toplumsal Kültürünün Yöneticilerin Liderlik Biçimi ile Ilişkisi Uzerine bir Araştırma.
Glaister, K. W., Dincer, O., Tatoglu, E., Demirbag, M., & Zaim, S. (2008). A causal analysis of formal strategic planning and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging country. Management Decision. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810863843
GLOBE Project. (2016). GLOBE Project—Result Visualization. Retrieved 1 September 2022 from http://www.globeproject.com
Gupta, V., & Hanges, P. J. (2004). Regional and climate clustering of societal cultures. Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study Of, 62, 178–218.
Gürbüz, S., & Bingöl, D. (2007). Çeşitli örgüt yöneticilerinin güç mesafesi, belirsizlikten kaçınma, eril-dişil ve bireyci-toplulukçu kültür boyutlarına yönelik eğilimleri üzerine görgül bir araştırma. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 68–87.
Hall, E. T. (1990). Unstated features of the cultural context of learning. The Educational Forum, 54(1), 21–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131728909335514
Hampden-Turner, C., & Trompenaars, A. (1993). The seven cultures of capitalism: Value systems for creating wealth in the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Broadway Business.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 10(4), 15–41.
Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(2), 75–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490867
Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values (Vol. 5). sage.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Empirical models of cultural differences.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Sage publications.
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 2307–2919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind: intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hofstede Insights. (2018). Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights. Retrieved 1 September 2022 from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/turkey
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Sage publications.
House, R. J., Wright, N. S., & Aditya, R. N. (1997). Cross-cultural research on organizational leadership: A critical analysis and a proposed theory.
House, R., Javidan, M., & Dorfman, P. (2001). Project GLOBE: an introduction. Applied Psychology, 50(4), 489–505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00070
Jackson, T. (2016). Paternalistic leadership: The missing link in cross-cultural leadership studies? In International Journal of Cross Cultural Management (Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 3–7). SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595816637701
Janićijević, N. (2019). The impact of national culture on leadership. Economic Themes, 57(2), 127–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2019-0008
Javidan, M., House, R. J., Dorfman, P. W., Hanges, P. J., & Sully de Luque, M. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring cultures and their consequences: a comparative review of GLOBE’s and Hofstede’s approaches. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 897–914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400234
Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2007). Leadership and culture in Turkey: A multifaceted phenomenon. In Culture and leadership across the world (pp. 869–908). Psychology Press.
Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2013). Leadership and Culture in Turkey: A Multifaceted Phenomenon.
Kağitçibaşi, Ç. (1982). Old-age security value of children: Cross-national socioeconomic evidence. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 13(1), 29–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022182131004
Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side. ERIC.
Kanungo, R. N., & Aycan, Z. (1997). Organizational cultures and human resource practices from a cross cultural perspective. A Symposium Conducted at the Canadian Psychological Association Annual Conference, Toronto.
Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B., & Gibson, C. B. (2006). A quarter century of culture’s consequences: A review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede’s cultural values framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 285–320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400202
Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations.
Ko, H. (2015). Cross-cultural leadership effectiveness: Perspectives from non-western leaders. Management and Organizational Studies, 2(4), 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/mos.v2n4p1
Mansur, J., Sobral, F., & Goldszmidt, R. (2017). Shades of paternalistic leadership across cultures. Journal of World Business, 52(5), 702–713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.06.003
Marcoulides, G. A., Yavas, B. F., Bilgin, Z., & Gibson, C. B. (1998). Reconciling culturalist and rationalist approaches: leadership in the United States and Turkey. Thunderbird International Business Review, 40(6), 563–583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6874(199811/12)40:6<563::aid-tie4>3.0.co;2-m
Munley, A. E. (2011). Culture differences in leadership. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 5(1).
Nahavandi, A. (2006). Teaching leadership to first-year students in a learning community. Journal of Leadership Education, 5(2), 14–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12806/v5/i2/ab2
Özkalp, E., Sungur, Z., & Özdemir, A. A. (2009). Conflict management styles of Turkish managers. Journal of European Industrial Training. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910966571
Pagda, Z., Bayraktar, S., & Jimenez, A. (2021). Exploring culture and leadership after 23 years: A replication of GLOBE project in Turkey. Journal of International Management, 27(1), 100822. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100822
Pasa, S. F. (2000). Leadership influence in a high power distance and collectivist culture. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730010379258
Pellegrini, E., & Scandura, T. (2007). Paternalistic Leadership: A Review and Agenda for Future Research Academy of Management Proceedings, 2007, 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2007.26524291
Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., van Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross‐border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 825–840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01730.x
Sargut, A. S., & Özen, Ş. (2001). Çalışanların lider davranışlarına ilişkin beklentileri: Türkiye üzerine görgül bir araştırma. Nevşehir, Turkey: National Management and Organization Congress.
Sargut, S. (2001). Kulturler arasi farklilasma ve yonetim. Ankara: Verso Yayincilik.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 25. (pp. 1–65). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6
Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications for work. Applied Psychology, 48(1), 23–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x
Shahin, A. I., & Wright, P. L. (2004). Leadership in the context of culture: An Egyptian perspective. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Shaw, J. B. (1990). A cognitive categorization model for the study of intercultural management. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 626–645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1990.4310830
Shi, X., & Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede model and GLOBE model: which way to go for cross-cultural research? International Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n5p93
Sığrı, Ü., Tabak, A., & Ercan, Ü. (2009). Kültürel değerlerin yönetsel kapsamda analizi: Türk bankacılık sektörü uygulaması. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 1–14.
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Understanding cultural diversity in business. Irwin, London, England.
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (2004). Managing people across cultures. Capstone Chichester
Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu. (2021). The Results of Address Based Population Registration System. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500
Ünler, E., & Kılıç, B. (2019). Paternalistic leadership and employee organizational attitudes: the role of positive/negative affectivity. Sage Open, 9(3), 2158244019862665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019862665
Van de Vliert, E. (2008). Climate, affluence, and culture. Cambridge University Press.
Wasti, S. A. (2003). Organizational commitment, turnover intentions and the influence of cultural values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(3), 303–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903769647193
Wasti, S. A., Tan, H. H., & Erdil, S. E. (2011). Antecedents of trust across foci: A comparative study of Turkey and China. Management and Organization Review, 7(2), 279–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00186.x
Yeloğlu, H. O. (2011). Türk Sosyal Kültürünün Örgüt Yapıları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(4), 153–170
Letöltések
Megjelent
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Sevinur Cuhadar, Ildikó Rudnák
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).