Phytolith profile cadastre of the most significant and abundant soil types of Hungary I–II.
Methodological aspects and results of the examined mountain, rocky soils and
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3970Keywords:
plant opal, rocky soils, sandy soils, rankersAbstract
The analysis of plant opal particles – also known as phytoliths – plays an important role in landscape reconstruction, landscape ecology and archaeology. Phytolith analysis may help to reconstruct the vegetation of a modern or palaeoprofile, to undesratnd landscape forming factors and to determine the extent of possible human impact on the landscape. At the same time, the knowledge of soil forming factors and processes helps to analyse phytolith assemblages and to interpret vegetation patterns.
Based upon the mentioned ideas, we aimed to lay the bases of a soil-phytolith cadastre representing Hungary’s – in a wider scope the Carpathian Basin’s – most significant and abundant soil types and their effects on vegetation. Besides the analysis of typical soil types, we addressed issues related to landuse, cultivation, so we could take typical landuse types into account when analysing a given soil type.
After summarizing issues related to methdology and nomenclature, we give an insight to the first results of the phytolith research and analysis of examined mountain and and rocky soils. Relationships of the soil-plant- land use system was investigated.
Based on the first results it seems that phytolith distribution in mountain and humic sandy soils is not only effected strongly by water and wind erosion, but vertical infiltration has a significant effect in the redistribution of plant opals. Soil profiles of open vegetation habitats contain lower amounts of plant opal, however their morphotype spectra is chracteristic of the habitat. Results show that profiles under pasture land store higher amount of phytolith. In case of plough lands, the biomass removal results in low phytolith input and the ocassionally appearence of weed and external plant indicators. In case of loose parent material, recovered bioliths help to identify polygenetical processes. The investigated ranker profiles’ phytolith morphotype spectra turned out to be diversified, which is due to the more diverse recent vegetation. Steps in vegetational processes (forest-grassland alterations) and antropogenic impacts can be traced back based on the vertical phytolith distribution of the profiles. On the whole, phytolith distribution can only be assessed on a greater time-scale together with well-understood polygenetical soil forming processes.
Hopefully the soil-phytolith cadastre and morphotype spectra will serve the future goals of landscape reconstruction works.
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