UNESCO World Heritage Sites and renewable energies in Spain: current trends in the legislations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3591Keywords:
Landscape, Legislation, Renewable Energies, UNESCO World Heritage SitesAbstract
Renewable energies, in particular wind power, represent a large part of the energy production in Spain. At the same time, Spain hosts a large number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Although the development of renewable energies represents a necessity, the installations often have a great impact on the landscape. In the case of an impact of these installations on UNESCO World Heritage Sites, a conflict might arise if the UNESCO World Heritage Committee considers this impact as a threat to the UNESCO World Heritage Site in question. In this context, the legislations on heritage protection, nature conservation and renewable energies should regulate this kind of possible situation in order to avoid potential conflicts. This article aims at offering an overview of the current trends in these three legislations (heritage protection, nature conservation, renewable energies) in Spain at the national and regional levels. In order to conduct this research a legal in-depth analysis of the legislations at national and regional levels has been implemented. The results show a great disparity among the autonomous communities legislations and also between the national level and the regional level. Finally, some recommendations are elaborated upon the most advanced legislations.
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[Legislation on Heritage Protection]
Law 16/1985 dated 25 June, on the Spanish Historical Heritage
Law 7/1990, dated 3rd July, of Basque Cultural Heritage
Law 9/1993, dated 30 September, of Catalan Cultural Heritage
Law 4/1998, dated 11 June, of Valencian Cultural Heritage
Law 11/1998, dated 13 October, of Cultural Heritage of Cantabria
Law 12/1998, dated 21 December, of Historical Heritage of the Balearic Islands
Law 3/1999, dated 10 March, of the Aragonese Cultural Heritage
Law 4/1999, dated 15 March, of the Historical Heritage of the Canary Islands
Law 2/1999, dated 29 March, of the Historical and Cultural Heritage of Extremadura
Law 1/2001, dated 6 March, of Cultural Heritage (Asturias)
Law 12/2002, dated 11 July, of Cultural Heritage of Castilla y Leon
Law 7/2004, dated 18 October, of Cultural, Historical and Artistic Heritage of La Rioja
Regional Law 14/2005, dated 22 November, of the Cultural Heritage of Navarre
Law 4/2007, dated 16 March, of Cultural Heritage of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia
Law 14/2007, dated 26 November, of the Historical Heritage of Andalusia
Law 4/2013, dated 16 May, of the Cultural Heritage of Castilla-La Mancha
Law 3/2013, dated 18 June, of Historical Heritage of the Community of Madrid
Law 5/2016, dated 4 May, of Galician Cultural Heritage
[Legislation on Nature Conservation]
Law 15/1975, dated 2nd May, on the Protected Natural Areas
Law 42/2007, dated 13 December, on the Natural Heritage and Biodiversity
Law 5/1991, dated 5 April, of Conservation of the Natural Areas (Asturias)
Law 4/1992, dated 30 July, of Planning and Protection of the Territory of the Region of Murcia
Law 11/1994, dated 27 December, of the Generalitat Valenciana, of nature protection areas of the Valencian Community
Law 16/1995, dated 4 May, Forestry and of Protection of the Nature in the Community of Madrid
Law 9/1996, dated 17 June, of Natural Areas of Navarre
Law 8/1998, dated 23 December, of Conservation of the Nature and Natural Areas of Extremadura
Law 9/1999, dated 26 May, of Conservation of Nature (Castilla La Mancha)
Legislative Decree 1/2000, dated 8 may, approving the Restated Text of the Law of Planning of the Territory of Canary Islands and of Natural Areas of Canary Islands
Law 9/2001, dated 21 August, of Conservation of the Nature (Galicia)
Law 4/2003, dated 26 March, of Conservation of Natural Areas of La Rioja
Law 5/2005, dated 26 May, for the conservation of the areas of environmental relevance (LECO) (Balearic Islands)
Law 8/2005, dated 8 June, of protection, management and planning of the landscape (Catalonia)
Law 4/2006, dated 19 May, of Conservation of the Nature of Cantabria
Law 42/2007, dated 13 December, of the Natural Heritage and Biodiversity (Andalusia)
Legislative Decree 1/2014, dated 15 April, approving the Restated Text of the Law of Conservation of Nature of the Basque Country
Law 4/2015, dated 24 March, of the Natural Heritage of Castilla y Leon
Legislative Decree 1/2015, dated 29 May, of the Government of Aragon, approving the Restated Text of the Law of Protected Areas of Aragon
[Legislation on Renewable Energy]
Decree 205/1995, dated 6 July, regulating the procedure of the wind energy in the Autonomous Community of Galicia
Foral Decree 125/1996, dated 26 February, regulating the implantation of the wind farms (Navarre)
Decree 189/1997, dated 26 September, which regulates the procedure for the authorisation of the electricity production installations from the wind energy (Castilla y Leon)
Decree 48/1998, dated 24 July, which regulates the procedure for the authorisation of the installations of electric energy production from the wind energy, within the Autonomous Community of La Rioja
Decree 13/1999, dated 11 March, which regulates the procedure for the installation of Wind Farms in the Principality of Asturias
Agreement of 26 July 2001, of the Valencian Government, approving the Wind Plan of the Valencian Community
Order 98/2005, dated 13 January, of the Council of Economy and Technological Innovation, regulating the granting of aids for the promotion of the renewable energies and of the economy and energy efficiency for the period 2005-2007 (Madrid)
Decree 6/2005, dated 30 January, approving the regulation that rules the installation and exploitation of the Wind Farms in the Canary Islands
Decree 192/2005, dated 30 August, regulating the procedure for the authorisation of the electric energy production installations from the wind energy, through wind farms, within the Autonomous Community of Extremadura
Law 10/2006, dated 21 December, of renewable energies and economy and energetic efficiency of the Region of Murcia
Law 1/2007, 15 February 2007, encouraging the renewable energies and incentive of the economy and energetic efficiency in Castilla La Mancha
Law 2/2007, dated 27 March, encouraging the renewable energies and the economy and energetic efficiency of Andalusia
Decree 147/2009, dated 22 September, regulating the applicable administrative procedures for the implantation of wind farms and photovoltaic installations in Catalonia
Decree 124/2010, dated 22 June, of the Government of Aragon, which regulates the procedures of prioritisation and authorisation of installations of electric energy production from wind energy in the Autonomous Community of Aragon
Law of Cantabria 7/2013, dated 25 November, which regulates the wind use in the Autonomous Community of Cantabria
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