A bioszén néhány hatása a talaj mikroorganizmusaira
Áttekintő cikk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70809/6553Kulcsszavak:
bioszén, mikrobiális biomassza szén, mikrobiális biomassza nitrogén, bazális talajlégzés, enzimaktivitásAbsztrakt
A bioszén talajjavítóként való felhasználása a talaj fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságainak javítására szolgáló win/win technológia, ugyanakkor keveset tudunk a bioszén talaj mikroorganizmusokra gyakorolt hatásairól. Ez az áttekintés a talaj mikrobiológiai jellemzőinek változásaira hívja fel a figyelmet, melyek a következők:1) mikrobiális biomassza szén (MBC), mikrobiális biomassza nitrogén (MBN) és bazális talajlégzés (BSR) alakulása. 2) A β-glükozidáz, dehidrogenáz és ureáz enzimek aktivitása különböző dózisokban és eltérő típusú bioszenekben. Az MBC, MBN, BSR β-glükozidáz, dehidrogenáz, ureáz enzimek aktivitása reagált a bioszén kijuttatására a dózistól, a bioszén típustól, a szervetlen műtrágya kijuttatásától és a termesztett növénytől függően. Az MBC, MBN és BSR lineárisan nőtt a gyapotszalma bioszén kijuttatást követően, még az alacsony dózisok is hatásosak voltak a β-glükozidáz és a dehidrogenáz aktivitás növelésére. Csak nagy dózisú búza és kukorica szalmából származó bioszén hatékonyan növelte az MBC-t, míg a sertéstrágyából nyert bioszén esetében ez az emelkedés lineáris volt. Az MBN az összes bioszén típust tekintve emelkedő tendenciát mutatott, és a bioszén arányának növekedése a legmagasabb dózisok mellett volt a legnagyobb. A búzaszalma alkalmazása három időszakban (48, 60 és 72 hónap) jelentősen csökkentette az ureáz aktivitást, míg a BSR csak a leghosszabb távú megfigyelésben csökkent nagyobb mértékben. A másik oldalon a búzaszalma bioszén a β-glükozidáz és az ureáz aktivitás fokozatos növekedését okozta NPK (nitrogén-foszfor-kálium) adagolásnál 72 hónappal a kijuttatás után.
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