Heart rate variability of high producing cows in a parallel milking system
Schlagwörter:
heart rate variability, dairy cow, milking, stressAbstract
Stress response of milking cows (n = 36) during the evening milking procedure in a parallel milking system were evaluated in this study. Changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during early afternoon (reference period) were compared to those measured during the different parts of the evening milking: 1. before the evening milking, in the milking parlor, waiting for being milked, 2. during milking, 3. in the milking parlor after being let off from the milking stall. HR was significantly higher during the entire evening milking procedure compare to the reference period (P < 0.05). HRV during milking did not differ significantly from the reference period, but lower HRV was found during waiting in the milking stall after milking (HFnorm = 33.7 ± 23.5) than during the reference period (HFnorm = 52.8 ± 13.6) also than during evening resting (P < 0.001) but there were no significant differences between milking and resting in HRV. The results suggest that the evening milking was not really stressful for these animals. The greatest stress level was caused by the anticipation for getting out from the milking parlour. More research is needed for assess the stress-coping ability during milking.
Literaturhinweise
Borell von, E. (2001): The biology of stress and its application to livestock housing and transportation assessment. Journal of Animal Science, 79(Suppl.) 260–267. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2001.79E-SupplE260x
Borell, von, E., Langbein, J., Després, G., Hansen, S., Leterrier, C., Marchant-Forde, J., Marchant-Forde, R., Minero, M., Mohr, E., Prunier, A., Valance, D., Veissier, I. (2007): Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals: a review. Physiology and Behavior, 92(3) 293–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.007
Brosh, A., Aharoni, Y., Degen, A., Wright, D., Young, B. A. (1998): Effects of solar radiation, dietary energy, and time of feeding on thermoregulatory responses and energy balance in cattle in a hot environment. Journal of Animal Science, 76(10) 2671–2677. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.76102671x
Brosh, A. (2007): Heart rate measurements as an index of energy expenditure and energy balance in ruminants: A review. Anim. Science, 85(5) 1213–1227. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-298
Cole, N. A., Camp, T. H., Rowe, L. D. Jr., Stevens, D. G., Hutcheson, D. P. (1988): Effect of transport on feeder calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 49(2) 178–183. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.02.178
Després, G., Veissier, I., Boissy, A. (2002): Effect of autonomic blockers on heart period variability in calves: evaluation of the sympatho-vagal balance. Physiological Research, 51(4) 347–353. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.930199
Fukasawa, M., Tsukada, H., Kosako, T., Yamada, A. (2008): Effect of lactation stage, season and parity on milk cortisol concentration in Holstein cows. Livestock Science, 113(2–3) 280–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.05.020
Gygax, L., Neuffer, I., Kaufmann, C., Hauser, R., Wechsler, B. (2008): Restlessness behaviour, heart rate and heart-rate variability of dairy cows milked in two types of automatic milking systems and auto-tandem milking parlours. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 109(2–4) 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.03.010
Hagen, K., Langbein, J., Schmied, C., Lexer, D., Waiblinger, S. (2005): Heart rate variability in dairy cows – influences of breed and milking system. Physiology and Behavior, 85(2) 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.03.019
Hagen, K., Lexer, D., Palme, R., Troxler, J., Waiblinger, S. (2004): Milking of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows in a herringbone parlour or an automatic milking unit. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 88(3–4) 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.005
Hopster, H., Bruckmaier, R. M., Werf van der, J. T. N., Korte, S. M., Macuhova, J., Korte-Bouws, G., Renen van, C. G. (2002): Stress responses during milking; comparing conventional and automatic milking in primiparous dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(12) 3206–3216. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74409-3
Hopster, H., Joop, T., Werf van der, J. T. N., Blokhuis, H. J. (1998): Side preference of dairy cows in the milking parlour and its effects on behaviour and heart rate during milking. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 55(3–4) 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00064-6
Janžekovič, M. (2005): Measuring heart rate of cows in milking parlour. Agricultura, 2. 21–25.
Kahrer, E., Möstl, E., Baumgartner, W. (2006): Measurement of cortisol metabolites in faeces of transported cows with abomasal displacement. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institut in Pulawy, 50. 105–106.
Konold, T., Bone, G. E. (2011): Heart rate variability analysis in sheep affected by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. BMC Research Notes, 4. 539. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-539
Kovács, L., Nagy, K., Szenci, O., Tőzsér, J. (2012a): Heart rate variability during milking in dairy cows [In Hungarian]. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja, 134(11) 653–661.
Kovács, L., Nagy, K., Szelényi, Z., Szenci, O., Tőzsér, J. (2012b): Heart rate variability as a measure of stress in cattle: biological background, methods of measurement and results – A review. [In Hungarian]. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja 134(9) 515–523.
Mitchell, G., Hattingh, J., Ganhao, M. (1988): Stress in cattle assessed after handling, transport and slaughter. Veterinary Record, 123(8) 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.123.8.201
Möstl, E., Palme, R. (2002): Hormones as indicators of stress. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 23(1–2) 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00146-7
Porges, S. W. (1995): Cardiac vagal tone: a physiological index of stress. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 19(2) 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(94)00066-A
R Development Core Team (2007): A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2007.
Rushen, J., Munksgaard, L., Marnet, P. G., Passillé de, A. M. (2001): Human contact and the effect of acute stress on cows at milking. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 73(1) 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00105-8
Rushen, J., De Passillé, A. M., Munksgaard, L. (1999): Fear of people by cows and effects on milk yield, behavior, and heart rate at milking. Journal of Dairy Science, 82(4) 720–727. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75289-6
Schmied, C., Boivin, X., Waiblinger, S. (2008): Stroking different body regions of dairy cows: Effects on avoidance and approach behavior toward humans. Journal of Dairy Science, 91(2) 596–605. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0360
Wenzel, C., Schonreiter-Fischer, S., Unshelm, J. (2003): Studies on step-kick behavior and stress of cows during milking in an automatic milking system. Livestock Production Science, 83(2–3) 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(03)00109-X
Downloads
Veröffentlicht
Ausgabe
Rubrik
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2013 Kovács Levente, Kézér Luca, Jurkovich Viktor, Nagy Krisztina, Szenci Ottó, Tőzsér János
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International.
