Máriatövis felhasználási lehetőségei a gazdasági állatok takarmányozásában
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17205/SZIE.AWETH.2018.2.078Kulcsszavak:
máriatövis, szilimarin, antioxidáns hatás, antimikrobiális hatásAbsztrakt
Az intenzív állattartás elterjedésének következtében folyamatos stresszterhelés éri a gazdasági állatokat, melynek hatására legyengülhet az immunrendszer, ill. felborulhat a bélflóra rendkívül érzékeny egyensúlya, így könnyebben megtelepedhetnek a kórokozók, gyakoribbá válnak a megbetegedések. Ezek kivédésére, valamint a kedvezőbb termelési paraméterek érdekében az állattartók gyakran hozamfokozó antibiotikumokat alkalmaztak, melynek következtében számos rezisztens baktériumtörzs jelent meg mind a humán-, mind pedig az állatgyógyászatban. Mivel az antibiotikumok hozamfokozás céljából történő alkalmazását 2006-ban betiltották, jelenleg is számos kutatás folyik azok legmegfelelőbb alternatíváinak (pl.: fitoterápia, szerves savak, probiotikumok, ezüst) vizsgálata céljából. A fitobiotikumok hatóanyagai kedvezően hatnak az állatok szervezetének működésére, segítik az emésztést és a takarmánykomponensek hasznosulását, valamint támogatják az immunrendszer működését.
Régóta használatos gyógynövényünk, a máriatövis (Silybum marianum) magjában található szilimarinnak nevezett flavonolignán-komplex májvédő és méregtelenítő hatással rendelkezik (Pradhan és Girish, 2006), valamint májregeneráló és antioxidáns tulajdonságát is bizonyították már (Sun és mtsai, 2008). A növénynek gátló hatást tulajdonítanak egyes Gram pozitív (Shah és mtsai, 2011) és Gram negatív (Lahlah és mtsai, 2012) baktériumtörzsekre nézve is. Mindezek ismeretében a máriatövis felhasználási lehetőségei rendkívül szélesek lehetnek a haszonállatfajok takarmányozásában.
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