Analysis of the reproduction biology characteristics of the woodcock (Scolopax rusticola L.)

Abstract

Woodcock is a widespread and fair bird species in Eurasia, especially in the temperate zone of Europe. The population size in spite of the considerable hunting is steady. The European population runs to roughly four million specimens and Hungary only gives its 0.3%. In Hungary hunting has a long tradition. Between 1 March ad 10 April four woodcocks per day can be shot that is quite rarely achived. According to The Enforcement of the Wild Birds Directive it is not allowed to hunt migratory birds while they migrate towards their nesting area. Accordingly - after joining the EU - the opportunity of spring hunting of woodcocks became uncertain. Hungary was given a derogation of this directive if the hunting authority constantly monitores the migratory population and gives data towards the competent ministries. During our research we were looking for the answer whether woodcocks migrating through Hungary in March and the beginning of April are sexually active. It was evaluated with the help of biopsy and histological investigation of the sexual organs. During the research in the hunting seasons of 2003 and 2004 we have collected samples with the aid of woodcock hunters from 19 different areas of the country by chance. The sexual organs were preserved in 10% formaldehyde. Histological segments were taken from them to point out sexual activity. The microscopic analyses showed that both males and females were in their early stage of sexual activity. Examining the histological cuts we found growing follicles in the ovaries and only in a few of them were seen the calix. Developing eggs were not found in the ovaries. In the cavity of the examined testicle channels sperms and spermatogony were found.