Threat factors affecting the borderline of the Hortobágy National Park
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3773Keywords:
nature reserve, buffer zone, vulnerabilityAbstract
On a global scale, nature reserves are facing a number of negative anthropogenic effects, which can primarily be investigated in buffer zones and borderlines of protected areas. This is of key importance, as the timely detection of negative impacts in buffer zones and reserve borderlines might help to mitigate their spreading out in inner, highly sensitive zones. Large and compact national parks are especially suitable for studying anthropogenic factors affecting reserve borderlines. One of the most representative members of this group in Europe is the Hortobágy National Park (HNP), the largest compact alkaline steppe in the continent, and at the same time one of the most undisturbed ecosystem-types in the Carpathian Basin. The borderline of the national park is characterised by a number of land use types typical of the region with highly various intensities and temporal as well as spatial patterns. To study the disturbance factors affecting the borderline of the HNP, we conducted field surveys between April and October on a weekly basis. Based on our results, the most important variables negatively impacting the borderline of the national park were land use change, the growing frequency of intensive agricultural technology replacing traditional methodologies and the spreading of invasive plant species. Conversely, hunting pressure and the total area of communal rubbish have significantly decreased in the past decades.
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