Zala megyei intenzív és felhagyott almaültetvények pókfaunájának összehasonlítása 2006-os talajcsapdás gyűjtések alapján

Abstract

Ground-dwelling spider assemblages of two different types of apple orchards (intensive or conventional and abandoned) have been compared at two study sites (Zalaszentgrót, Türje) in Zala county, Hungary. The work involved the species identification of individuals collected in 2006 and the processing of data. In addition to the faunistic survey, our aim was to find out the similarities and differences among the number of individuals, the number of species, the species composition, and the individual spider families in different types of orchards. Based on the studies, the ground-dwelling spider communities of the abandoned apple orchard in Türje surpassed the intensive apple orchard in Zalaszentgrót in terms of both diversity and number of individuals, where a total of 757 specimens of 18 spider families and 63 species were found. Here, the most significant family in terms of number of individuals were wolf spiders (Lycosidae), which accounted for more than 31% of the total number (238 individuals), but essentially dwarf spiders (Linyphiidae) also represented a similar proportion (30%, 227 specimens). Other significant families were the crab spiders (Thomisidae), cobweb spiders (Theridiidae) and ground spiders (Gnaphosidae). The dominant species was Alopecosa pulverulenta wolf spider, but also there were some major species like Trochosa ruricola (Lycosidae), Erigone dentipalpis, Agyneta rurestris, Oedothorax apicatus, Tenuiphantes tenuis, Bathyphantes gracilis, Centromerus sylvaticus, Diplostyla concolor (Linyphiidae), and Ozyptila praticola (Thomisidae). In contrast, 3492 specimens of 22 spider families and 90 species were found in Türje. The wolf spiders (Lycosidae) proved to be super-dominant families in terms of the number of individuals, providing more than 65% of the total number, with nearly 2300 specimens. Dwarf spiders (Linyphiidae) can also be ranked number two in this habitat, with slightly more than 600 specimens (17.5%) caught. Other important families are the ground spiders (Gnaphosidae), their related families Phrurolithidae and Liocranidae, and the crab spiders (Thomisidae). The dominant species in Türje was the Alopecosa pulverulenta wolf spider as well, but in much larger numbers. There were also several major species like Trochosa terricola, Pardosa alacris, Pardosa paludicola, Pardosa riparia, Aulonia albimana (Lycosidae); Centromerus sylvaticus, Stemonyphantes lineatus, Diplostyla concolor, Micrargus subaequalis, Agyneta affinis (Linyphiidae); Zelotes electus, Zelotes latreillei, Zelotes apricorum (Gnaphosidae).