SPAD values, as well as sugar- and capsaicin content in different varieties of outdoor peppers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18380/SZIE.COLUM.2022.9.1.5Keywords:
Capsicum annuum L., SPAD index, BRIX%, total capsaicinAbstract
The marketability of the sweet peppers is determined by their quality in Class I, which must also meet the highest standards in terms of the color, shape of the variety and the characteristics of the various flavors. However, the determinants of quality may vary from one pepper type to another. During of our research, we examined the utilization of nitrogen, magnesium and potassium in different types of domestic peppers in the context of the relative chlorophyll content of the foliage and the amount of sugar and total capsaicin in the fruits. We determined that the nutrient solution prepared by Duna-r Ltd. is suitable for achieving the highest sugar and capsaicin content, but their levels can differ significantly. The uptake and utilization of nitrogen, magnesium and potassium of nutrient solution can be checked with the SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index data of the foliage. We found that there are periods in the phenophase of the pepper cultivars studied when both sugar content and capsaicin content increase significantly. Another major result is that sugar content is a basic determinant of capsaicin content in hot peppers and cherry peppers, while it is not an important factor of capsaicin content for Bogyiszló-type peppers.
References
Allaire, G., Ansaloni, M., & Cheyns, E. (2006). Paprika of Kalocsa – Hungary: Liberalisation et europeanisation. In SINER-GI project, Case presentations, Plenary Meeting, 6-7 September, 2006 (pp. 1–13). Montpellier, France.
Angeli, L. (1959). Paprikatermesztés. Mezőgazdasági Kiadó.
Bolla, M., & Krámli, A. (2012). Statisztikai következtetések elmélete (2nd ed.). Budapest: Typotex.
Caruso, G., Stoleru, V. V., Munteanu, N. C., Sellitto, V. M., Teliban, G. C., Burducea, M., Tenu, I., Morano, G., & Butnariu, M. (2018). Quality performances of sweet pepper under farming management. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47(2), 458–464. doi: https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111351
Codex Alimentarius Hungaricus. (2018). Nemzeti Élelmiszerlánc-biztonsági Hivatal.
Colla, G., Cardarelli, M., Bonini, P., & Rouphael, Y. (2017). Foliar Applications of Protein Hydrolysate, Plant and Seaweed Extracts Increase Yield but Differentially Modulate Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato. HortScience 52(9), 1214–1220. doi: https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12200-17
de Gil, P. T., Fontes, P. C. R., Cecon, P. R., & Ferreira, F. A. (2002). SPAD index for nitrogen status diagnosis and potato yield prognosis. Horticultura Brasileira 20(4), 611–615. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362002000400020
Faber, E. (n.d.). Soil and leaf analysis. Retrieved 18.03.2020, from https://justavocados.co.nz/2020/03/soil-and-leaf-analysis/
Govindarajan, V. S., & Sathyanarayana, M. N. (1991). Capsicum — production, technology, chemistry, and quality. Part V. Impact on physiology, pharmacology, nutrition, and metabolism struc- ture, pungency, pain, and desensitization sequences. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 29(6), 435–474. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399109527536
Kicska, T. (2016). Hol érdemes paprikát hajtatni? Kertészet és Szőlészet 65(40), 12–13. Lantos, F. (2015). Agrochemistry for bsc students. Szegedi Tudományegyetem.
Lantos, F., Fári, F., & Györgyi, E. (2017). Investigation and Studying of the Biochemical
Effect of Carotene Dyestuff Materials and Capsaicin in Special Spice Pepper (Capsicum annuum convar. longum L.) Varieties. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 64(4), 225–231. doi: https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-04.29
Le Bot, J., Bénard, C., Robin, C., Bourgaud, F., & Adamowicz, S. (2009). The "trade-off" between synthesis of primary and secondary compounds in young tomato leaves is altered by nitrate nutrition: experimental evidence and model consistency. Journal of Experimental Botany 60(15), 4301-4314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp271
Madeira, A. C., Ferreira, A., de Varennes, A., & Vieira, M. I. (2003). SPAD Meter Versus Tristimulus Colorimeter to Estimate Chlorophyll Content and Leaf Color in Sweet Pepper. Com- munications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34(17-18), 2461–2470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120024779
Makra, L., Matyasovszky, I., Tusnády, G., Wang, Y., Csépe, Z., Bozóki, Z., Nyúl, L. G., Erostyák, J., Bodnár, K., Sümeghy, Z., Vogel, H., Pauling, A., Páldy, A., Magyar, D., Mányoki, G., Bergmann, K.-C., Bonini, M., Šikoparija, B., Radišic ́, P., Gehrig, R., Seliger, A. K., Stjepanovic ́, B., Rodinkova, V., Prikhodko, A., Maleeva, A., Severova, E., Šcˇevková, J., Ianovici, N., Peternel, R., & Thibaudon, M. (2016). Biogeographical estimates of allergenic pollen transport over regionalscales: Common ragweed and Szeged, Hungary as a test case. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 221(1), 94-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.02.006
Mashabela, M. N., Selahle, K. M., Soundy, P., Crosby, K. M., & Sivakumar, D. (2015). Bioac- tive compounds and fruit quality of green sweet pepper grown under different colored shade netting during postharvest storage. Journal of Food Science 80(11), H2612–H2618. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13103
Matyasovszky, I., Makra, L., Bálint, B., Guba, Z., & Sümeghy, Z. (2011). Multivariate analysis of respiratory problems and their connection with meteorological parameters and the main biological and chemical air pollutants. Atmospheric Environment 45(25), 4152–4159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.024
Medina-Lara, F., Echevarría-Machado, I., Pacheco-Arjona, R., Ruiz-Lau, N., Guzmán- Antonio, A., & Martinez-Estevez, M. (2008). Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Fruiting and Capsaicin Content in Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). HortScience 43(5), 1549–1554. doi: https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1549
Miller, C., McCollum, R., & Claimon, S. (1979). Relationships between growth of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) and nutrient accumulation during ontogeny in field environments. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science 104(6), 852–857.
Moór, A., & Zatykó, L. (1995). Results of pepper breeding in Hungary. Acta Horticulturae (412), 88–91. doi: https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.412.8
Szalai, I. (1974). Növényélettan i-ii. Budapest: Tankönyvkiadó.
Tang, H. P., Qian, X. G., Li, L. J., Yue, Y. B., Li, R. J., Nie, K. Y., & Zhao, Z. Y. (2016). Correlations between single leaf spectral characteristics, SPAD value and chlorophyll content in pepper under different nitrogen levels. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29(10), 2324–2329. doi: https://doi.org/10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2016.10.013
Terbe, I. (2003). A paprika csúcsrothadásos betegségét kiváltó okok megelo ̋zése és megszün- tetése [Prevention and ceasing of the causes producing blossom end rot in paprika]. Kertgazdaság [Horticulture] 35(1), 100–104.
Tóth, Z., Sárdi, K., & Horváth, E. (2014). Evaluation of the relationship between spad chloro- phyll values and leaf nitrogen contents of maize. In Proceedings of the 13th esa congress (pp. 167– 168).
Tränkner, M., Tavakol, E., & Jákli, B. (2018). Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiologia Plantarum 163(3), 414–431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12747
Tukey, J. W. (1953). The problem of multiple comparisons. Unpublished manuscript. In H. Braun (Ed.), The Collected Works of John W Tukey VIII. Multiple Comparisons: 1948-1983. (pp. 1–300). New York: Chapman and Hall.
Vona, V. (2020). A levélanalízis alapjai. Retrieved 2020, from https://magyarnovenyorvos.hu/upload/files/4.%20Lev%C3%A9lanalizis_alapjai.pdf
Yu, K.-Q., Zhao, Y.-R., Zhu, F.-L., Li, X.-L., & He, Y. (2016). Mapping of chlorophyll and SPAD distribution in pepper leaves during leaf senescence using visible and near-infrared hy- perspectral imaging. Transactions of the ASABE 59(1), 13–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.59.10536
Yuzhu, H., Xiaomei, W., & Shuyao, S. (2013). Nitrogen determination in pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) plants by color image analysis (RGB). African Journal of Biotechnology 10(77), 17737-17741. doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1974
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ferenc Lantos, László Makra, Kati Mike, Ingrid Gyalai
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.