Feketefenyő (Pinus nigra) állományok természetvédelmi megítélése – szemle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3714Kulcsszavak:
tájidegen fafaj, erdőtűz, invazív fajok, rekultiváció, természetvédelem, Pinus nigra, fenntartható erdőgazdálkodásAbsztrakt
A szemle a Magyarországon tájidegen feketefenyő (Pinus nigra Arn.) állományaival foglalkozik, kihangsúlyozva a fenyőtelepítés természetvédelmi szempontból káros következményeit. Rövid történeti áttekintést követően ismerteti a feketefenyő-állományok – erdőgazdasági tájcsoportok szerinti – területi megoszlását. Ezt követően tárgyalja a fafaj meghonosításával kapcsolatba hozható természetvédelmi és erdőgazdasági problémákat, különös tekintettel a természetes flóra lokális kipusztítására, a csekély értékű faanyagra, az állományok gyors fiziológiai leromlására és számos kártevő elszaporodására, a nem kielégítő talajjavító hatásra, valamint a monokultúrák erdőtüzek és invazív növényfajok általi sebezhetőségére. Külön fejezet ismerteti a feketefenyő rekultivációs célú hasznosításának kérdéseit. A tanulmány végül a feketefenyvesek természetes növénytársulásokká alakítását célzó irányelveket és javaslatokat foglalja össze, főként a fenntartható erdőgazdálkodással összefüggésben.
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