A szárny dimorfizmus/polimorfizmus a poloskáknál (Heteroptera) funkcionális nézőpontból: áttekintés.
Első rész: nem fitofág fajok
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4491Kulcsszavak:
szárny dimorfizmus/polimorfizmus, Heteroptera, Gerroidea, vándorlási polimorfizmus, vándorlási szindrómaAbsztrakt
Ezen áttekintő közlemény a nem fitofág poloskák (Heteroptera) szárny dimorfizmusát/polimorfizmusát funkcionális nézőpontból összegzi és elemzi a szakirodalom alapján. Ez gyakorlatilag a Gerroidea főcsalád szárny dimorfizmusának/polimorfizmusának tárgyalását jelenti, mivel szinte semmit nem közöltek az egyéb, nem fitofág poloskacsoportok szárny dimorfizmusáról/polimorfizmusáról. A közlemény az évszakos és az egyidejű szárny dimorfizmust/polimorfizmust elkülönítve kezeli és tárgyalja. Ismerteti a szárnyforma öröklődését és fenotipikus plaszticitását, beleértve a különböző módosító környezeti tényezők hatását.A nem-makropterformaszaporodási előnye jól dokumentált a Gerroidea főcsaládba tartozó poloskák nőstényeinél; jóval kevesebb adat áll rendelkezésre a makropter és nem- makropter hímek reproduktív teljesítményéről. A fényperiódus által vezérelt és a hőmérséklet által befolyásolt évszakos szárny dimorfizmus/polimorfizmus általában megfelelő alkamazkodást mutat az aktuális környezeti feltételekhez. A populációsűrűség illetve a táplálék mennyiségének és minőségének a hatása a dimorph/polimorf Gerroideák szárnyformájára még nem tekinthető megfelelően tisztázottnak. Vitatható, hogy a természetes Gerroidea populációkban tapasztalhatómakropter/nem makropter arányok mennyiben tekinthetőek az aktuális élőhely időbeli stabilitására adott adaptív válasznak. A szárny dimorfizmus/polimorfizmus a vándorlási polimorfizmus tágabb összefüggésében értelmezendő, amely olyan jelenségeket is magábafoglal mint a szárnyizom-polimorfizmus illetve a vándorlási hajlam.
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