Különböző talajápolási módok hatása erózióra hajlamos hegy-völgy telepítési irányú szőlőültetvényben, a 2015-ös évjáratban

Abstract

Among the soil cultivation systems applied in environmentally friendly viticulture technologies soil protection and within that protection against erosion plays a very significant role. However in the drier ecological production sites besides protection against erosion (in certain years) water retention can become the prime consideration. The Lake Balaton Region has such ecological aptitudes. It has been forecasted that as a result of the effect of climatic change droughts will become increasingly more frequent, the average temperature will rise and violent rainfalls can be expected more frequently.  Abiotic stress effects due to inappropriate soil cultivation have a negative effect on grapevine growth. For nearly a decade comparative soil cultivation trials of a duration experiment nature have been conducted at the NAIC Viticulture and Oenology Research Institute Badacsony. During our trials in 2015 we have drawn comparisons on a slope (hill-valley directional) system between mulching with organic plant wastes, and lasting and temporary plant coverage and also mechanical soil cultivation. A special grass mixture was used for the lasting plant coverage (Red fescue, Ambiguous leaved fescue, Tall fescue and Perennial ryegrass), and we also had trials using a legume seed mixture (Red clover, Crimson clover, White clover, Common vetch and Fodder peas). For the temporary plant coverage we used Winter wheat, Triticale and weed mixtures characteristic of the area, furthermore between the rows we planted just Phacelia on its own. Our aim this year (2015) was to examine the effect of the treatments on soil moisture content, on the soil and plant nutrition supply and on harvest results. It can be ascertained overall that our soils must be protected from the damaging effects of erosion, especially in the weather conditions prevailing throughout 2015, when dry periods interchanged with sudden heavy rainfall. The basis for protection against erosion can be soil coverage using organic material wastes which has a favourable effect on both the soil and the plant (water and nutrition supply). The other possible solution is the application of plant coverage. The most suitable of these proved to be the special drought resistant grass mixture and the legume mixture. In comparison with the other treatments the treatment using mulching with organic plant waste and the treatment using a legume mixture showed outstanding results for soil moisture content, mineral nitrogen supply and average yield. These results also showed statistically certified increased values when compared with the results measured on the control plots.