Environmental concerns and possible strategies to reduce the potential risks of plant molecular farming – Review
Keywords:
plant molecular farming, GM crops, environmental concerns, environmental risk reducing strategiesAbstract
The production of useful recombinant proteins was perceived since the existence of genetic modification technologies, in so doing, transgenic plants have been materialized. Transgenes flow remains as one of the global concern in the area of plant molecular farming that deteriorates the environment. This review aimed to evaluate the potential risks of plant molecular farming on the environment and their possible controlling strategies by assessing secondary data. Various sources of literatures have stated that the possible environmental risks of molecular farming rely on genetically engineered organisms are including but not limited to creating new or more vigours insect pests and pathogens; exacerbating the effects of existing pests via hybridization with related transgenic individuals; harm to non target species such as soil organisms, non- pest insects, birds and other animals; disruption of biotic communities including agroecosystems; irreversible loss or changes in species diversity or genetic diversity within species. These potential risks of molecular farming could harm the well-being ofhumans, animals and the environment at large. A number of different interdependent options such physical and biological approaches have been put in place to reduce food/feed chains contamination or environmental pollution due to PMF. Some the most important gene flow barriers are production of proteins by cell suspension culture, chloroplast transformation, cytoplasmic male-sterility, sexually incompatible crops, seed terminator, tissue specific expression technology, labs filters, and greenhouse/glasshouse and isolation distances. Some sources indicated that, the overall acceptability of molecular farming applications seemed less appreciable by the society. It is suggested that the potential environmental risks from the plant molecular farming can be reasonably minimized by controlling of the gene flow from the transgenic to conventional plants.
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