Effect of supplemental humic acid with urea as a non protein dietary nitrogen source on rumen variables in sheep
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17205/SZIE.AWETH.2020.1.001Keywords:
humic substances, ammonia, rumen fluid, urea, protozoaAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of humic substances (HS) combined with urea as feed additives on the rumen fermentation indicators (pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids VFAs, ammonia concentration, protozoal population) in rumen fluid of 12 female crossbred merino sheep (n = 6 in test and control group). The daily ration for both groups consisted of 1.25 kg grass hay and 0.25 kg cereal grain mixture and 10 g urea. The humic substances were applied at a dose of 20 g/day per animal of the test group orally drenched with a probe directly into rumen (day 1 – 3) at the morning feeding or mixed into feed (day 4 – 18). Rumen samples were taken on day 0, 3 and 18 at 3, 6 and 9 h post morning feeding. The results revealed that HS increased ammonia concentration and protozoal cells of Entodinium spp. by 243.2 and of Diplodinium spp. by 5.1 (x103 /ml) on day 3, while the total VFAs concentration; acetate and propionate proportions as well as pH values of rumen fluid and the acetate : propionate ratio were not changed. Ammonia was higher (P≤0.05) in the test group by 7.9 at 6 h and by 5.6 mg/100ml at 9 h on day 3. Results suggest humic substances addition with urea as a non-protein dietary nitrogen source may improve nitrogen retention in the rumen, but there was no impact on VFAs production. The feed intake of HS with urea had significantly positive effects on the protozoal population in rumen fluid.
References
Bach, A., Calsamiglia, S., Stern, M. D. (2005): Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science, 88. (Supplement 1) E9–E21. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73133-7
Degirmencioglu, T. (2012): Possibilities of using humic acid in diets for Saanen goats. Mljekarstvo, 62. 278–283.
Demeterová, M., Mariščaková, R., Pistl, J., Naď, P., Šamudovská, A. (2009): The effect of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134 in combination with natural humic substances on the performance and health of broiler chickens. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 122. 370–377.
Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union, 53, L 276, 33–79.
El-Zaiat, H. M., Morsy, A. S., El-Wakeel, E. A., Anwer, M. M., Sallam, S. M. (2018): Impact of humic acid as an organic additive on ruminal fermentation constituents, blood parameters and milk production in goats and their kids growth rate. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 27. 2. 105–113. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/92074/2018
Galip, N., Polat, U., Biricik, H. (2010): Effects of supplemental humic acid on ruminal fermentation and blood variables in rams. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9. e74. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2010.e74
Ji, F., McGlone, J. J., Kim, S. W. (2006): Effects of dietary humic substances on pig growth performance, carcass characteristics and ammonia emission. Journal of Animal Science, 84. 2482–2490. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-206
Jin, D., Zhao, S., Zheng, N., Beckers, Y., Wang, J. (2018). Urea metabolism and regulation by rumen bacterial urease in ruminants-a review. Annals of Animal Science, 18. 2. 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0028
Karaoglu, M., Macit, M., Esenbuga, N., Durdag, H., Turgut, L., Bilgin, Ö. C. (2004): Effect of supplemental humate at different levels on the growth performance, slaughter and carcass traits of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3. 6. 406–410. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.406.410
Kocabağli, N., Alp, M., Acar, N., Kahraman, R. (2002): The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield. Poultry Science, 81. 2. 227–230. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.2.227
Koenig, K. M., Newbold, C. J.,McIntosh, F. M., Rode, L. M. (2000): Effects of protozoa on bacterial nitrogen recycling in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science, 78. 2431–2445. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.7892431x
Marcin, A., Kišidayová, S., Feješ, J., Zeleňák, I., Kmeť V. (1992): A simple technique for cryopreservation of the rumen protozoon Entodinium caudatum. Cryo Letters, 13. 175–182.
McMurphy, C., Duff, G., Sanders, S., Cuneo, S., Chirase, N. (2011): Effects of supplementing humates on rumen fermentation in holstein steers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41. 134–140. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v41i2.71017
Milton, C., Brandt, Jr. R., Titgemeyer, E. (1997): Urea in dry-rolled corn diets: finishing steer performance, nutrient digestion, and microbial protein production. Journal of Animal Science, 75. 1415–424. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.7551415x
Owens, F. N., Lusby K. S., Mizwicki K., Forero O. (1980): Slow ammonia release from urea: rumen and metabolism studies. Journal of Animal Science, 50. 527–531. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1980.503527x
Rajendiran, S., Purakayastha, T. J. (2016): Effect of humic acid multinutrient fertilizers on yield and nutrient use efficiency of potato. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39. 949–956. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1109106
Regulation (EC) 152/2009: Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed. Official Journal of the European Union L54/1-130 of 26.02.2009.
Shi, Y., Parker, D. B., Cole, N. A., Auvermann, B. W., Mehlhorn, J. E. (2001): Surface amendments to minimize ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedlots. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44. 677–682. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.6105
Stevenson, F. J. (1982): Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions. 1st edn. Wiley. New York, USA.
Terry, S. A., Ribeiro, G. D. O., Gruninger, R. J., Hunerberg, M., Ping, S., Chaves, A. V., McAllister, T. A. (2018): Effect of humic substances on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and rumen microbiota in beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 96. 9. 3863–3877. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky265
Váradyová, Z., Kisidayová, S., Jalc, D. (2009): Effect of humic acid on fermentation and ciliate protozoan population in rumen fluid of sheep in vitro. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89. 1936. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3675
Wang, Q., Chen, Y. J., Yoo, J. S., Kim, H. J., Cho, J. H., Kim, I. H. (2008): Effects of supplemental humic substances on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs. Livestock Science, 117. 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.12.024
Williams, A. G., Coleman, G. S. (1997): The rumen protozoa. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (pp. 73–139.) Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1453-7_3
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Bujňák Lukáš, Marcin Andrej, Naď Pavel, Mihok Tomáš
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
