Digital Leadership: The 21st Century Leadership Style
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33568/rbs.6683Keywords:
challenges of digital age, digital leadership, digital transformation, leadership competenciesAbstract
As a process of digital transformation, the previous, classic leadership competencies were supplemented with new ones, and a new leadership style, the digital leadership emerged. What was considered an advantage a few years ago is now a basic requirement. Technology can no longer be seen as just a tool. A digital leader must ensure that technology is a central element of the strategy. This paper examines this area from the perspective of leadership competencies and emerging challenges. Objectives of this study were to analyse digital leadership as a leadership style, and to investigate the connection between classical and digital leadership skills. At the same time the main challenges - employees and leaders face - have been also examined. Results: In this research it was determined that digital leadership exists beside the classic and modern leadership styles and it complements them. Strong relation has been found between classical and digital leadership skills. It was observed that employees in leadership roles tend to view their own superiors more favourably than employees without subordinates. Finally, the main challenges that employees and leaders face in the workplace due to digital transformation were summarised. Conclusion: The acceleration of technological development and the rise of digitization have brought humanity into a constantly changing world, posing unprecedented challenges for all of us. For managers, this may require new skills, or a different application of traditional leadership competencies, which now carry a different weight in the digital age.
References
Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O., & Beligiannis, G. N. (2021). Transformational leadership and digital skills in higher education institutes: During the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging Science Journal, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01252
Baartman, L. K., & De Bruijn, E. (2011). Integrating knowledge, skills and attitudes: Conceptualising learning processes towards vocational competence. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2011.03.001
Babapour Chafi, M., Hultberg, A., & Bozic Yams, N. (2022). Post-pandemic office work: Perceived challenges and opportunities for a sustainable work environment. Sustainability, 14(1), 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010294
Claassen, K., Dos Anjos, D. R., Kettschau, J., & Broding, H. C. (2021). How to evaluate digital leadership: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 16, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-021-00335-x
Claassen, K., Rodil Dos Anjos, D., Kettschau, J. P., Wrede, S. J. S., & Broding, H. C. (2023). DigiFuehr 2.0: Novel insights for digital leadership. Journal of Occupational Health, 65(1), e12383. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12383
Dimitriadi, Y. (2019). Who you’re gonna call? The development of university digital leaders. A case study. Media Studies, 10(19), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.10.19.6
Eremina, Y., Lace, N., & Bistrova, J. (2019). Digital maturity and corporate performance: The case of the Baltic states. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030054
Henderikx, M., & Stoffers, J. (2023). Digital transformation and middle managers’ leadership skills and behavior: A group concept mapping approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1147002
Kokot, K., Kokotec, I. Đ., & Čalopa, M. K. (2023). Digital leadership and maturity as a key to successful digital transformation: Country case study of Croatia. TEM Journal, 12(1), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-25
Kőmüves, Zs., Poór, J., Mura, L., Tóth, A., Varga, E., & Hollósy-Vadász, G. (2024). Labour shortage and labour retention as a possible strategy in a difficult economic situation based on the empirical data of a transitioning economy. Central European Business Review, 13(4), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.367
Kőműves, Zs., Szabó, Sz., Szabó-Szentgróti, G., & Hollósy-Vadász, G. (2022). Munkaerő-gazdálkodási körkép a dél-dunántúli régióban a pandémia idején. Modern Geográfia, 17(3), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.15170/MG.2022.17.03.02
Kübra Simsek, D., & Nihan, Y. (2023). Getting the measure of the fourth industrial revolution: Advantages and challenges of Industry 4.0 in the Turkish white goods industry. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 31(1), 82–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-03-2021-0026
Müller, S. D., Konzag, H., Nielsen, J. A., & Sandholt, H. B. (2024). Digital transformation leadership competencies: A contingency approach. International Journal of Information Management, 75, 102734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102734
Newland, B., & Handley, F. (2016). Developing the digital literacies of academic staff: An institutional approach. Research in Learning Technology, 24, https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v24.31501
Oktaysoy, O., Topcuoglu, E., & Kaygin, E. (2022). A study on digital leadership scale adaptation. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 11, 407–425. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2022.60342
op ’t Roodt, H., De Klerk, J. J., Crafford, A., & Van der Merwe, M. (2024). Navigating through the digital workplace: Measuring leader digital competence. Journal of Business and Psychology, 39(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-024-09947-6
Philip, J., Gilli, K., & Knappstein, M. (2023). Identifying key leadership competencies for digital transformation: Evidence from a cross-sectoral Delphi study of global managers. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 44(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-02-2022-0063
Promsri, C. (2019). The developing model of digital leadership for a successful digital transformation. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 2(8), 1–8.
SAP Insights. (December 14, 2022). Industry 5.0: Adding the human edge to Industry 4.0. SAP. https://www.sap.com/insights/industry-5-0.html
Tagscherer, F., & Carbon, C.-C. (2024). Digital servitization and leadership: A holistic view on required leadership traits and skills. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 20(4), 104–129. https://doi.org/10.7341/20242046
Toleikienė, R., Juknevičienė, V., Rybnikova, I., Menzel, V., Abolina, I., & Reinholde, I. (2024). Main challenges of e-leadership in municipal administrations in the post-pandemic context. Administrative Sciences, 14(5), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050088
Türk, A. (2023). Digital leadership role in developing business strategy suitable for digital transformation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066180
Vallo Hult, H., & Byström, K. (2021). Challenges to learning and leading the digital workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 44(3), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2021.1879038
Zeike, S., Bradbury, K., Lindert, L., & Pfaff, H. (2019). Digital leadership skills and associations with psychological well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142628
Zulu, S. L., Saad, A. M., Ajayi, S. O., Dulaimi, M., & Unuigbe, M. (2023). Digital leadership enactment in the construction industry: Barriers undermining effective transformation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(5), 1492–1514. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2022-0491
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Orsolya Hebeny-Fuchs, Marianna Fehérné Kiss

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.