REGIONAL AND BUSINESS STUDIES
type: channel
description: ISSN 2732-2726 (Online) ISSN 2061-2311 (Print until 2020) Regional and Business Studies is an international, transdisciplinary scientific journal published recently twice a year and contains original scientific reports, research results, critical résumés, conference reviews, and letters to the editors. The topic of the journal includes the important fields of business, rural and regional development, and social sciences. Founded: 2009 at Kaposvár University Faculty of Economic Science.
publisher: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus
language: en
publication name: REGIONAL AND BUSINESS STUDIES
issn: 2061-2311
items: The Impact of the Input-Output Price Ratio on the Profitability of Hungarian Agricultural Enterprises Between 2007 and 2021
items: Digital Transformation in Human Resource Management and its Implication for Youth Unemployment in Ethiopia
items: Impact of Agro-Processing Among Small-Scale Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa
items: "Success is a kind of faith in doing something correctly"
items: The Role of Corporate Organizations in Bridging Financial Literacy Gaps Among Employees in African Developing Economies
items: Analysing the Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Transitional Economies Evidence from Hungary
items: Comparing Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian Paradigms in Monetary Policy
items: Digital Leadership: The 21st Century Leadership Style
items: A Diplomatic Incident - The Political Risk of Corporate Diplomacy and the Implementation of Corporate Diplomacy Strategy Concepts within Scrutinized Industries
items: Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process Methodology in Determining Critical Challenges of Urban Big Data in a Developing City
items: Book Review on: ‘Internationalisation of Human Resource Management: Focus on Central and Eastern Europe’
items: International Science Days in Gyöngyös
items: Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Subjective Satisfaction
items: Primary Impediments to Investing in Azerbaijan’s Renewable Energy Projects
items: How Sticky is the Per Capita Income?
items: Mapping the Scholarly Landscape
items: Current Status-quo of Azerbaijan Renewable Energy and Possible Cooperation with EU
items: The Impact of Foreign Employment in Szeklerland in the Early 2020’s
items: Informal Land Buyers’ Perspectives in Dilla City, Southern Ethiopia
items: The Touristic Importance of Gyula Region in the New Destination Structure Defined in 2020
items: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Work-Life Balance of Employees
items: Addressing Urban Inequality Through Innovative Social Housing Strategies
items: Exploring Intercultural Online Marketing Competence among Tourism Students
items: Transformation of South Africa's Townships
items: Current Scenarios of Circular Economy in Brazil and Ecuador
items: The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin
items: Investigating Profit Persistence Among Hungarian Plastic Manufacturing Companies
items: Customer Employee Exchange and Firm Innovative Behavior Among SMEs in Ghana
items: Spatial Analysis of Game Damage in the Settlement of Cserénfa at the Kaposvár Forestry of SEFAG
items: An Overview of Performance Measurement for Demand Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks

The Impact of the Input-Output Price Ratio on the Profitability of Hungarian Agricultural Enterprises Between 2007 and 2021
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description: This research focuses on the link between the input-output price ratio and agricultural profitability. Analyzing agricultural profitability is a key issue for the development of the sector, with one of its most important components being the evolution of the agricultural price index. This research presents an analysis of the agricultural price ratio in the recent period, with a focus on the correlations between production direction and profits. The study analyses Hungarian agricultural enterprises on the basis of the agricultural price indices of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO) and uses data from the agricultural price index and the agricultural database of the Test Farm Information System operated by the Agricultural Economics Research Institute. The analysis works with statistically validated data from 2007 to 2021. Based on our results, changes in input-output prices are a good predictor of the profitability rate of farmers in the current and future years. This provides an opportunity to optimally allocate agricultural subsidies and to strengthen the loss-compensation effect.
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creator: Zoltán Sipiczki
creator: Irén Wickert
creator: József Varga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zoltán Sipiczki, Irén Wickert, József Varga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 17
ending page: 30
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6495

Digital Transformation in Human Resource Management and its Implication for Youth Unemployment in Ethiopia
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description: The Fourth Industrial Revolution integrates advanced technologies that significantly enhance organisational efficiency and productivity. While this transition has the potential to boost GDP, elevate productivity, and expand employment in developing economies, it may also intensify income inequality, displace workers, and exacerbate youth unemployment. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the digital transformation of Human Resource Management (HRM) and its implications for youth unemployment in the Ethiopian context. It explores both the positive and adverse effects of digitalisation on HRM practices and how these shape employment prospects for young people. Findings suggest that Ethiopia’s digital economy holds vast untapped potential to increase export, raise incomes, and generate jobs – especially for the youth. However, key impediments to effective digitalisation include inadequate ICT infrastructure, low digital literacy, limited financial capacity, and a shortage of skilled professionals. In addition, weak institutional commitment, complex regulatory environment, and resistance to organisational change constrain further progress. To harness the benefits of digital transformation, policymakers should prioritise strategic initiatives focused on strengthening ICT infrastructure, enhancing the digital competencies of youth, and promoting retraining of workforce to ensure the successful integration of emerging technologies into Ethiopia’s evolving labour landscape.
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creator: Tadesse Getachew Habetie
creator: Dóra Kolta
creator: Emese Prihoda Prihoda
creator: Ildikó Rudnák
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tadesse Getachew Habetie, Dóra Kolta, Emese Prihoda, Ildikó Rudnák https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 49
ending page: 65
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6827

Impact of Agro-Processing Among Small-Scale Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa
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description: The potential of agro-processing among farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is immeasurable. Its effects range from the improvement of livelihoods to stimulating commercial agriculture. This research aimed to examine the impact of agro-processing among rural smallholder farmers in SSA, identifying specific themes based on regional influence, contemporary trends, technology and innovation, research methodologies, and existing gaps. This study is based on a Systematic Literature Review of 20 articles selected from a pool of 93 scientific documents focused on agro-processing and its impact on farmers, especially smallholder farmers in rural SSA. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology was applied to select articles from the Web of Science database. The findings showed that in 50% of the studies reviewed, the income effect was the most significant factor, followed by market effects with varying degrees of impact, farmer groups in the form of cooperatives, and profitability as an indicator of price-driven value enhancement, all of which were prominent among smallholder farmers and along the value chains. Agribusiness and agro-processing development also benefit from complementary factors, such as technological innovation like the use of nanotechnology in the agri-food industry, training, extension services, and information sharing that directly influence product quality, shelf-life extension, food safety and security, postharvest management, and biofortification for nutritional improvement in food products. Emerging trends in commercialization, farmers' welfare, and policy reforms highlight the need for sustainable value chain activities. The impact of agro-processing spreads along the value chain stakeholders, underscoring the need for formal systems and solid market integration. Future research should be conducted on livestock products targeting individual countries in the region based on empirical analysis using mixed…
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creator: Abraham Othieno
creator: Arnold Csonka
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abraham Othieno, Arnold Csonka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 81
ending page: 92
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6915

"Success is a kind of faith in doing something correctly"
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description: In the life of each municipality, settlement leadership is always a key factor of success. The study demonstrates that stable loyalty and confidence in municipal leadership is felt not only toward the figure of the leader but also his entourage, i.e., the administrative staff and the representative body. The primary data collection in the framework of the research conducted by the Institute for Regional Studies enabled us to examine a specific layer of local elites in peripheral areas from various perspectives. The study reviews the composition, role, and functions of the representative body during the successive local government election cycles in Baranya County in Hungary, with a view to examining the subjective determinants of settlement success.
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creator: Réka Horeczki
creator: Ildikó Egyed
creator: Péter Póla
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Réka Horeczki, Ildikó Egyed, Péter Póla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 31
ending page: 48
doi: 10.33568/rbs.7017

The Role of Corporate Organizations in Bridging Financial Literacy Gaps Among Employees in African Developing Economies
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description: This study systematically examines how corporate organizations can bridge gaps in employees’ financial literacy in African developing regions. Guided by four research questions, the study evaluates current financial literacy levels, existing corporate financial literacy initiatives, barriers to effective implementation, and potential solutions. Using a systematic approach and the PRISMA framework, data was extracted from peer-reviewed journals, corporate documents, and grey literature. Findings indicate persistently low financial literacy among employees, with notable deficiencies across industries. The study highlights that financial education can significantly enhance financial decision- making, reduce employee stress, and contribute to economic development. Key recommendations include integrating financial literacy into corporate governance, leveraging online technological platforms, aligning financial literacy initiatives with corporate social responsibility strategies, and conducting periodic assessments to address evolving employee needs. These insights position corporate organizations as crucial agents in mitigating financial illiteracy, promoting financial stability, and preparing the workforce for informed financial decisions.
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creator: Carol Wangari Maina
creator: Diána Koponicsné Györke
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Carol Wangari Maina, Diána Koponicsné Györke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 67
ending page: 80
doi: 10.33568/rbs.7018

Analysing the Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Transitional Economies Evidence from Hungary
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description: Youth unemployment in Europe poses a serious challenge to the European Union and its member states. The main objective of the study was to investigate the macroeconomic determinants of youth unemployment in Hungary using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. To achieve the objective of the study, secondary data was used, which was collected from the World Bank for the period 1992–2022. The study employed a descriptive and explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron unit root test was conducted to assess the stationarity of the data. The dependent variable was the youth unemployment rate, while the explanatory variables include gross domestic product, gross domestic saving, inflation rate, and real effective exchange rate. The finding suggests that gross domestic product, real effective exchange rate, and inflation have statistically significant impacts on the youth unemployment rate in the short run. The long run model suggests that gross domestic product, gross domestic saving, real effective exchange rate, and inflation have a statistically significant impact on youth unemployment. Finaly, policy makers need to concentrate on enacting measures that promote economic growth, such as bolstering important sectors of the economy and concentrate on industries with a high capacity for absorbing labour to guarantee that growth results in job creation.
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creator: Tadesse Getachew Habetie
creator: Dóra Kolta
creator: Emese Prihoda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tadesse Getachew Habetie; Dóra Kolta, Emese Prihoda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 53
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6856

Comparing Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian Paradigms in Monetary Policy
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description: The changing global economy often requires a review of monetary policy frameworks, stressing the importance of clear theories and practical use. This paper aims to understand how different Keynesian-based theories tackle modern economic issues, especially in managing inflation, unemployment, and financial stability. Although both Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian theories stem from Keynesian economics, they offer different methods and policy suggestions based on their unique theoretical bases. This paper addresses a gap in current research by providing a systematic comparative analysis of how Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian frameworks influence real-world monetary policymaking, especially during financial crises and periods of structural economic change, areas often discussed separately but not directly compared. It outlines the theoretical assumptions, policy tools, and economic impacts of each school, offering a clearer understanding of their practical relevance. This comparison is vital for policymakers and economists facing complex economic conditions who require robust and flexible theoretical guidance. This study reveals that while both approaches contribute valuable insights to economic policymaking, they diverge significantly in their own perspectives on economic stabilization and crisis response. Post-Keynesians emphasize monetary endogeneity and the remediation of structural fragilities, whereas New-Keynesians prioritize market imperfections and expectation management via policy instruments.
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creator: Sara Salimi
creator: Eszter Kazinczy
creator: Tibor Tatay
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sara Salimi, Eszter Kazinczy, Tibor Tatay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 5
ending page: 23
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6709

Digital Leadership: The 21st Century Leadership Style
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description: As a process of digital transformation, the previous, classic leadership competencies were supplemented with new ones, and a new leadership style, the digital leadership emerged. What was considered an advantage a few years ago is now a basic requirement. Technology can no longer be seen as just a tool. A digital leader must ensure that technology is a central element of the strategy. This paper examines this area from the perspective of leadership competencies and emerging challenges. Objectives of this study were to analyse digital leadership as a leadership style, and to investigate the connection between classical and digital leadership skills. At the same time the main challenges - employees and leaders face - have been also examined. Results: In this research it was determined that digital leadership exists beside the classic and modern leadership styles and it complements them. Strong relation has been found between classical and digital leadership skills. It was observed that employees in leadership roles tend to view their own superiors more favourably than employees without subordinates. Finally, the main challenges that employees and leaders face in the workplace due to digital transformation were summarised. Conclusion: The acceleration of technological development and the rise of digitization have brought humanity into a constantly changing world, posing unprecedented challenges for all of us. For managers, this may require new skills, or a different application of traditional leadership competencies, which now carry a different weight in the digital age.
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creator: Orsolya Hebeny-Fuchs
creator: Marianna Fehérné Kiss
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Orsolya Hebeny-Fuchs, Marianna Fehérné Kiss https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 71
ending page: 87
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6683

A Diplomatic Incident - The Political Risk of Corporate Diplomacy and the Implementation of Corporate Diplomacy Strategy Concepts within Scrutinized Industries
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description: The geopolitical environment of multinational corporations (MNCs) is increasingly volatile. For the purpose of mitigation, many MNCs are trying to strengthen their corporate social responsibility programs. Nevertheless, corporations are often faced with harsh stakeholder increased criticism, scrutiny and even sheer hostilities. Corporate diplomacy concepts are addressing these problems by engaging in dialog with unwanted stakeholders since, amidst the geopolitical conflicts around the world, corporations still need to grow their business operations. However, even in countries in which market orientated economic policies predominate, MNCs are today often in disputes with host governments, while additionally new political activist movements are building up political pressure, amplifying accumulated social concerns regarding the negative environmental impact of corporations. In the future, it will be increasingly important for companies to protect their business operations from government interference and other unwanted stakeholders. However, concepts and strategies of corporate diplomacy need to be reviewed, in terms of practical applicability under changing sociopolitical and geopolitical circumstances. Especially in industries that are under heavy stakeholder scrutiny, current corporate diplomacy concepts are difficult to implement. This research illustrates the political risks of corporate diplomacy and suggests where the current concept of DIPLOM needs revision by attempting to apply this established theoretical concept to a corporation operating in a challenging business environment.
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creator: Arne Marquering
creator: Veronika Gál
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arne Marquering, Veronika Gál https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 69
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5930

Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process Methodology in Determining Critical Challenges of Urban Big Data in a Developing City
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description: Although urban big data holds significant potential for transforming the way cities are managed, harnessing this potential requires overcoming major challenges, particularly in developing countries like Iran. Obstacles like policy gaps, legal barriers, limited resources for data management and infrastructure or even the low level of community engagement and the lack of technological capabilities could backward the development of becoming a real data-driven smart city. This study aims to address the understanding of this issue, by identifying and evaluating urban big data challenges critically, and to formulate policy-related support for governmental bodies in a country considered to be a developing information society. After thorough analysis of academic publications we identified 32 urban big data challenges in Iran, which then were systematically evaluated and ranked by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology based on expert surveys. Outcomes confirmed that although social, educational and financial challenges have been perceived, the most important ones are of political and governmental origin.
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creator: Mahla Shojae Anari
creator: Ákos Jakobi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahla Shojae Anari, Ákos Jakobi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 5
ending page: 15
doi: 10.33568/rbs.6914

Book Review on: ‘Internationalisation of Human Resource Management: Focus on Central and Eastern Europe’
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subject: Notices
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creator: Mohammad Fakhrul Islam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Fakhrul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 93
ending page: 95

International Science Days in Gyöngyös
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description: One of the important tasks of science is to respond effectively to the challenges that arise during the ever-accelerating social and economic changes, and to provide appropriate answers to the questions that arise. It is useful to provide guidance for decision-makers at the macro and micro levels. It does this in such a way that there is no salutary „best practice” for the interpretation and explanation of complex phenomena. There are better or worse solutions to problems that fall within the scope of „good practice”.
subject: Notices
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creator: Zoltán Zörög
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Zoltán Zörög https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 71
ending page: 74

Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Subjective Satisfaction
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description: Several analyses have already shown that subjective satisfaction levels are closely correlated with economic performance, and therefore there is a growing focus for governments to monitor the level of satisfaction in society. In our study, we investigate the relationship between subjective satisfaction and financial market variables using macroeconomic data for European countries over the period 2013–2022. From a financial perspective, the savings and loans of the population are a very significant share of the financial sector, which is influenced by both market and governmental factors. In our analysis we include demographic, economic and financial market variables. We find that increases in the ratio of savings to household credit are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction, while changes in the central bank base rate have a negative impact on household satisfaction.
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creator: Katalin Plántek
creator: Anett Parádi-Dolgos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Plántek Katalin, Parádi-Dolgos Anett https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 33
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5970

Primary Impediments to Investing in Azerbaijan’s Renewable Energy Projects
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description: This article investigates the primary impediments to investing in Azerbaijan's renewable energy sector, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with transitioning to sustainable energy sources. Despite Azerbaijan's significant renewable energy potential, particularly in hydroelectric, wind, and solar power, the sector's development is hindered by financial, institutional, regulatory, technical, and informational barriers. The research underscores the limited impact of renewables on the country's energy mix, driven by inadequate policy implementation and fluctuating investment levels. It calls for comprehensive legislative reforms, strategic foreign investments, and the adoption of new technologies to overcome these obstacles. The article also discusses Azerbaijan's efforts to showcase its renewable energy initiatives at COP29, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation in achieving the country's ambitious energy goals. By addressing the identified challenges, Azerbaijan could accelerate its transition to a sustainable energy future, contributing significantly to global climate objectives.
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creator: Sabuhi Mammadli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sabuhi Mammadli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 57
ending page: 69
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5922

How Sticky is the Per Capita Income?
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description: In our settlement-level study using the Markov chain method and dynamic regression panel models, we found that in the period 2011-2021, income in the previous year strongly affects income status, i.e., income shows high persistence. Despite the steady increase in per capita income over the period under study, the spatial structure of the income distribution shows a fixed state, with a high degree of stability: poor municipalities remain poor, while rich municipalities remain rich. Only in the Central and Western Transdanubian regions is there a greater chance of a municipality's population moving into a higher income category. The results of the regression models show that, in addition to the income level of previous years, the higher number of self-employed, the greater distance of settlements from cities and Budapest, the employment structure and the higher share of job seekers have a significant impact on the income of the population.
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creator: Adrián Csizmadia
creator: Tibor Bareith
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Adrián Csizmadia, Tibor Bareith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 5
ending page: 19
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5661

Mapping the Scholarly Landscape
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description: Kenya is an agriculture-based economy and dairy farming is a major contributor to the national revenue. As production intensifies, the negative effect on the climate becomes more evident. Therefore, there is a need to align production with sustainable development goals. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the scholarly research landscape on Kenya's dairy sector and its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 33 studies published from 2015 were obtained from the SCOPUS and analysed using R (Bibliometrix package) and VoS Viewer (1.6.19). The research established that since the enactment and ratification of the SDGs, there has been a marked increase in research on dairy farming sustainability in Kenya, though with significant yearly variations. Further, the study noted the predominance of small-scale dairy farming in Kenya, where the focus has traditionally been on increasing milk production, often at the expense of sustainable practices. Agriculture and sustainable intensification are the central themes reflecting efforts to balance increased food production and long-term sustainability, particularly in the face of climate change impacts such as droughts and heavy rainfall. The study underscores the critical role of both global and local collaborations in advancing research and addressing the sustainability challenges in Kenya’s dairy sector. The findings advocate for a multidisciplinary research approach to achieve a balanced emphasis on productivity and environmental sustainability, ensuring the sector's alignment with the SDGs for long-term growth and resilience.
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creator: Douglas Mwirigi
creator: Mária Farkasné Fekete
creator: Csaba Borbély
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Douglas Mwirigi, Mária Farkasné Fekete, Csaba Borbély https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 21
ending page: 33
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5647

Current Status-quo of Azerbaijan Renewable Energy and Possible Cooperation with EU
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description: The article aims to provide information regarding current situation and future potential of renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan. Moreover, it proposes measures for the more convenient and efficient utilization of alternative and renewable energy sources to address the pollution of the natural environment resulting from recent significant climate changes on our planet. It extensively covers various aspects of alternative energy sources, including their development history, types, operational principles, and structures. Additionally, the factors influencing these energy sources are elucidated, along with an overview of state programs aimed at their development, tasks, and implementation, as well as European Union cooperation initiatives. The research also delves into the utilization of alternative renewable energy sources, ongoing projects, and the efficient utilization of natural resources. In modern times, the use of renewable energy sources present a promising avenue, offering the potential to safeguard environmental balance, restore equilibrium, and maintain ecosystem dynamics. The accelerating disruption of this balance underscores the urgency of expanding development and utilization efforts in this area. This article investigates current and possible future cooperation between European Union and Azerbaijan in renewable energy industry.
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creator: Sabuhi Mammadli
creator: Tofig Bayramov
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sabuhi Mammadli, Tofig Bayram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-17
publication date: 2024-07-17
starting page: 15
ending page: 25
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5592

The Impact of Foreign Employment in Szeklerland in the Early 2020’s
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description: In the course of the research, the effects of foreign guest work, both in the narrower and broader sense, in Csíkszentkirály and its surroundings are investigated. The subject is very topical and of great importance today, but despite this, little information is available. This phenomenon has grown into a rapidly developing and important industry with a very significant impact on the population, which is why we believe it is important to record, monitor and analyse data on it. The reasons for going abroad are mostly economic, with the main objective being to earn as much income as possible. However, we suspect (and this is confirmed in the paper) that labour migration abroad has a significant and often surprising economic, emotional and social impact on the daily life of an individual, a family or a community. This impact may be direct or even indirect, but it affects the financial, emotional, social and community situation of an individual or community. It was also essential to examine whether working abroad is, in fact, essential to achieving a decent standard of living. After examining the results, it seems that, although not easy and much more challenging, working at home can help achieve these goals, but going abroad offers a much simpler, shorter and more spectacular result.
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creator: József Varga
creator: Sarolta Urzsuly
creator: Katalin-Emőke Péter
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 József Varga, Sarolta Urzsuly, Katalin-Emőke Péter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 35
ending page: 45
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5312

Informal Land Buyers’ Perspectives in Dilla City, Southern Ethiopia
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description: Formal urban land is market unable to supply adequate residential plot that could shoulder the prevailing demand from low- and middle-income people and hence, the aim of the paper was meant to explore the informal land buyers’ expectations of infrastructure and various related municipal services that they deprive themselves of. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a survey of 186 respondents in informal land markets, observation, and focus group discussions with municipal experts. Secondary data from formal land markets in Dilla municipality from 2017-2023 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the study revealed that the pushing factors of informal land market proliferation in Dilla city is due to the lack of formal land supply from Dilla municipality which is only 6.6% so that the remaining great majority (97.3%) of the study area residents expect at least one service (road, water, electricity, drainage, monitoring services) from Dilla municipality to improve deprivation of basic infrastructural services, notwithstanding the need of land monitoring services such as surveying and title deeds. The situations call for design a pro-poor land and housing policy, adequate compensation during expropriation of farmers for serviced supply of land, creating awareness about formal land markets, and working in collaboration with rural counterparts in basis of rural – urban collaboration frameworks.
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creator: Kibru Alemu Gedecho
creator: Horváthné Kovács Bernadett
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Kibru Alemu Gedecho, Horváthné Kovács Bernadett https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-17
publication date: 2024-07-17
starting page: 27
ending page: 38
doi: 10.33568/rbs.5209

The Touristic Importance of Gyula Region in the New Destination Structure Defined in 2020
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description: The management system and organisational structure of national tourism fundamentally was renewed in Hungary in 2016, which had several new elements. The five determined ’important tourism development areas’ as destinations became the new frame for developing tourism in 2016 and 2017. Destination system was also renewed in 2020, when not only the official names and territorial range were overviewed, but also eleven destinations were created and six new ones were determined. Among these destinations the Gyula region consists of the least number of settlements only two (Gyula and Békéscsaba). The article focuses on the research questions of what processes and events led to the creation of the current tourist offer of the two municipalities of Gyula tourist region and how the area performed in the years 2020-2022. By examining the socio-economic changes in the two settlements after the Second World War, the roots of the current level of tourism development are explored. The analysis of the statistical data series available from the Central Statistical Office and the National Tourism Data Supply Centre are used to analyse the specificities of the period 2020-2022. Since the two cities have different tourist characteristics, they cannot be considered major competitors, and in fact Békéscsaba’s dominant position in business tourism can be well complemented by the spa services offered in Gyula. In both municipalities surveyed, tourism operators faced challenges due to travel restrictions resulting from the COVID pandemic, but the dominant domestic visitor share in the tourist area meant that guests returned quickly after the closures.
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creator: Róbert Bagdi
creator: Anita Mondok
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Róbert Bagdi, Anita Mondok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-17
publication date: 2024-07-17
starting page: 51
ending page: 64
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4972

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Work-Life Balance of Employees
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description: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are still prevalent in the Hungarian labour market. With home office gaining ground, the traditional way of working before the pandemic was partially altered, for which neither employers nor employees were ready. Work-life balance was upset by the change in the daily routine. In our quantitative online questionnaire survey, we looked at whether this disruption and change had a greater impact on the older or younger generation and whether there was a discernible gender difference in home office work in Hungary. Before the questionnaire survey, two hypotheses were developed. One of our hypotheses was confirmed and the other was rejected after analysing the data. We demonstrated that older age groups – the Baby Boomer and Generation X – are more satisfied with their work-life balance than younger age groups – the Generation Y and Generation Z – using statistical methods (cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square test). We examine these possible causes and make recommendations for strategies to promote work-life balance in our article.
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creator: Zoltán Greutter
creator: Éva Greutter-Gregus
creator: Zoltán Szira
creator: Erika Varga
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Zoltán Greutter, Éva Greutter-Gregus, Zoltán Szira, Erika Varga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-17
publication date: 2024-07-17
starting page: 5
ending page: 13
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4817

Addressing Urban Inequality Through Innovative Social Housing Strategies
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description: This article presents a detailed examination of how social housing is approached in three major South African cities: Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town. These cities serve as unique examples, each dealing with different issues and finding creative solutions. The study conducts this comparative analysis through document analysis namely the City of Johannesburg Housing Policy, Durban Metropolitan Housing Strategy, the City of Cape Town Integrated Development Plan, and the National Department of Human Settlements Annual Report. Community involvement, and sustainable practices related to social housing emerge as critical components in all these cities seeking to achieve adequate urban development through social housing. In Johannesburg, there is a strong focus on addressing the ongoing effects of apartheid through „restorative housing” and encouraging diverse communities through mixed-income housing. Durban stands out for its „cultural inclusivity” approach, which views diversity as an advantage in urban development. In Cape Town, they have adopted „ecological urbanism” to harmonize nature and urban life, overcoming geographical challenges. One common theme in these cities is the involvement of the community, empowering residents to be active participants in shaping their living spaces. Sustainability is not just about the environment but also about connecting housing projects with economic and social systems. This analysis highlights how social housing can transform urban areas into fair, inclusive, and sustainable places, not only in South Africa but worldwide.
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creator: Mzuchumile Makalima
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mzuchumile Makalima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-17
publication date: 2024-07-17
starting page: 39
ending page: 50
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4874

Exploring Intercultural Online Marketing Competence among Tourism Students
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description: Intercultural online marketing is an essential element in today’s rapidly developing and diversifying world. Many fields, including marketing, are not only increasingly aware of this social and individual need, but are incorporating it into their tools and methods. A common method for targeted and effective marketing campaigns in tourism is to ensure that potential customers receive a response that is appropriate to the cultural background of the target audience. The aim of the present study is to examine tourism students’ attitudes towards intercultural online marketing in the following areas: Knowledge in the field of Intercultural Marketing; Stereotypes about potential customers; How to target potential customers as well as the students; Cross-cultural knowledge/skills. The research was conducted among students of the Department of Tourism at the Faculty of Central European Studies of the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia. The questionnaire on which the research was based was completed by 135 respondents. The results of the survey provide an answer to the research question about the knowledge and perceptions of the future representatives of the tourism sector. The results obtained indicate that the extent of experience and knowledge in the field of intercultural online marketing is not sufficient. These findings have potential implications for further research to explore strategies for enhancing education and training programs aimed at bridging the gap in intercultural online marketing proficiency among future professionals in the tourism sector. Moreover, these findings suggest a need for collaborative efforts among academia, industry stakeholders, to develop comprehensive initiatives that address the evolving demands of the tourism industry in an interconnected world.
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creator: Norbert Beták
creator: Viktória Bíziková
creator: Viktória Gergelyová
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Norbert Beták, Viktória Bíziková, Viktória Gergelyová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 5
ending page: 15
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4636

Transformation of South Africa's Townships
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description: This literature paper examines the dynamics of the „Transformation of South Africa's Townships: TBL Initiatives and the Future of Social Housing.” Rooted in the historical echoes of apartheid, the examination extends to post-apartheid social housing activities, notably the Reconstruction Development Programme (RDP) initiated in 2004. At its core lies the incorporation of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) principles, emphasizing environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The study's objectives encompass evaluating TBL integration, measuring its impact on resident well-being, and dissecting associated challenges. Hypotheses suggest positive outcomes on resident quality of life, long-term sustainability, and resilience with TBL incorporation. The review traverses historical complexities, the transformative role of TBL, and a comparative analysis of global social housing initiatives, drawing insights from Singapore, Sweden, Brazil, and localized projects. Theoretical frameworks guiding TBL in social housing, coupled with practical case studies, shed light on the tangible application of these principles. In conclusion, the synthesis advocates for evidence-based policies, urging the holistic development of thriving, resilient communities in South African townships.
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creator: Mzuchumile Makalima
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mzuchumile Makalima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 47
ending page: 56
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4826

Current Scenarios of Circular Economy in Brazil and Ecuador
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description: The circular economy offers alternatives to provide concrete solutions to productive, environmental, and social challenges worldwide, especially for developing countries such as in Latin America and the Caribbean region, where the economic models are heavily dependent on natural resource exports. The literature review briefly describes the current scenarios of the circular economy in two Latin American countries (Brazil and Ecuador). The paper describes the importance of the Circular Economy (CE), the public policies implemented in these countries during recent times, and the main challenges they face to achieve a transition from the traditional economic model to a more sustainable one. At the global level, there are various mechanisms and policies that drive the transition from a linear to a circular economy. However, developing countries such as Brazil and Ecuador do not yet have specific policy frameworks that encourage the circular economy as a governmental policy. The outstanding challenges and actions for achieving CE in the case of the countries considered remain large and require the joint effort of all actors involved at the public, private, academic and public care levels in general.
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creator: Maria Lourdes Ordonez Olivo
creator: Caroline Martins
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Lourdes Ordonez Olivo, Caroline Martins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 17
ending page: 36
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4685

The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin
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description: Over time, cryptocurrencies have experienced a widespread adoption, with bitcoin emerging as the most prominent example. In an increasingly uncertain world, the significance of possessing a stable store of value, traditionally fulfilled by gold, has escalated. Bitcoin has been often referred to as a digital equivalent of gold. Hence, this study primarily focuses on analyzing the price dynamics of this particular cryptocurrency. A comprehensive literature review will be employed to examine the regulatory obstacles encountered within the cryptocurrency market. Additionally, considering the contentious nature of this field, special attention will be devoted to the clash of perspectives surrounding this innovation. Subsequently, concentrating on the period 2016-2021, this paper will investigate the factors that define a risk-weighted investment, utilizing the Sharpe ratio and Sortino ratio. However, there has been significant volatility in the price of Bitcoin in 2020-2021, and our research fills a gap in the relationship between Bitcoin returns and risk in the post-2016 period. Overall, the analysis concludes that bitcoin exhibits highly turbulent investment characteristics. Despite its substantial price appreciation, the findings indicate that bitcoin displays significant volatility. Consequently, selecting this investment alternative entails considerable risks. Based on our results, there were years between 2016-2021 when bitcoin was a good investment, but in most cases its returns were associated with excessive volatility and risk. For this reason, it is not recommended for risk-averse rational investors.
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creator: Rebeka Gulyás
creator: Zoltán Sipiczki
creator: Veronika Gál
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Zoltán Sipiczki, Rebeka Gulyás, Veronika Gál https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-05
publication date: 2023-07-05
starting page: 19
ending page: 31
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4649

Investigating Profit Persistence Among Hungarian Plastic Manufacturing Companies
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description: This study examines the competitive nature of the Hungarian plastics industry sector based on 2010-2019 data from the Crefoport database.. The aim of the study is to examine that how close the market of plastic industry companies is to perfect competition. Market efficiency was investigated using a Markov chain and profit persistence estimation (Arellano & Bond, 1991). Corporate profitability was measured using the ROA indicator. Variables reflecting industry and market effects are also included in the analysis as controls. Based on the Markov transition probability matrix, market competition is harmed. Based on the panel model estimation, the profit persistence value shows a low value (0.129) compared to the existing literature. The profitability of plastic companies can be statistically proven to be affected by company size (p = -0.046), short (p = 0.016) and long risk (p=-0.093), and the volatility of profitability (p = 0.633). Among the exogenous variables, industry income (p=0.081) and market concentration (p = 0.974) have a significant effect on the profitability of companies. Limited market competition reduces overall social benefit and efficiency in several ways: it reduces price competition, quality orientation, and the pursuit of innovations. Therefore, from the point of view of economic policy , it is definitely justified that the sector receives subsidies in an appropriate amount that improves the efficiency and productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as encourage technological development and innovation.
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creator: Daniel Molnar
creator: Tamás Horváth
creator: Tibor Bareith
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Molnar, Tamás Horváth, Tibor Bareith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-05
publication date: 2023-07-05
starting page: 33
ending page: 45
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4429

Customer Employee Exchange and Firm Innovative Behavior Among SMEs in Ghana
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description: The study sought to examine the relationship between customer-employee exchange and firm innovative behaviour (FIB). The mediation effect of customer knowledge management in the relationship between customer-employee exchange and FIB was determined. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire. We sampled 247 respondents from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana using the simple random sampling technique. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was assessed using the Smart-PLS. The findings of the study suggest that the variables representing customer-employee exchange (solidarity, harmonization, and information exchange) have had an important effect on FIB. Moreover, customer knowledge management is found to mediate relationships between customer-employee exchange and firm innovative behaviour. The study recommends that due to their limited resources compared to larger companies’ new ways of interactions between SMEs and customers should be introduced and enhanced as that will help the firms to improve their innovative behaviour.
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creator: Diyawu Rahman Adam
creator: Sadick Alhaji Husseini
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Diyawu Rahman Adam, Sadick Alhaji Husseini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 37
ending page: 58
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4420

Spatial Analysis of Game Damage in the Settlement of Cserénfa at the Kaposvár Forestry of SEFAG
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description: Reducing game damage is the essential interest of both farmers and hunters. A former paper on statistical analysis of game damage is complemented with spatial analysis in the recent paper. Authors examined the forest cover at Kaposvár Forestry of SEFAG, and also the location, the topography, the land cover of Cserénfa, and their relationship with the location of the game damage events. The maps clearly show that in the forested, hilly Zselic landscape, the island-like agricultural areas are inherently exposed to game damage. Only 3.77% of the total area of the Kaposvár Forestry is located further than 300 m distance of the forest, in Cserénfa, this is only 1.59%. Considering the topography of Cserénfa, it was found that only 39% of the agricultural area has a slope of less than 5%. Due to the steep slopes and the exposure to game damage, an alternative form of farming is proposed.
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creator: Róbert Barna
creator: Bernadett Horváthné Kovács
creator: Martin Király
creator: Zsófia Turnai
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Róbert Barna, Bernadett Horváthné Kovács, Martin Király, Zsófia Turnai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-05
publication date: 2023-07-05
starting page: 47
ending page: 59
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4564

An Overview of Performance Measurement for Demand Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks
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description: Demand forecasting is an essential task to match supply and demand. From a supplier’s view, demand forecasting is important to optimize supply chains and thus maximize profits. The ever-increasing availability of data that can be used as input factors for predictive models allows more and more sophistication for diverse forecasting tasks in the context of demand forecasting. On the one hand, increasingly complex models have been used for demand forecasting over the last years, from simple exponential smoothing methods and ARIMA models up to complex, hybrid (deep) artificial neural networks. On the other hand, little attention is paid to the methods that evaluate the forecasting performance of these models, which are essential for the selection from among potential forecasting models. In this article, we aim to answer the question of what are the most favourable measurements in recent literature on applied neural network demand forecasting for supply chain management. To this end, we analyzed 193 relevant publications in which demand forecasting was applied using artificial neural networks. We found that in artificial neural network demand forecasting used to evaluate forecasting performance, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Error are by far the most popular methods. Furthermore, we found that when forecasting performance measurements are combined, the most common combination is the combination of Mean Absolute Error, the Root Mean Squared Error and the Mean Absolute Error.
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creator: Steffen Robus
creator: Zsolt Kőmüves
creator: Virág Walter
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Steffen Robus, Virág Walter, Zsolt Kőmüves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-12-31
publication date: 2022-12-31
starting page: 5
ending page: 20
doi: 10.33568/rbs.4434