ISSN 2732-2726 (Online) ISSN 2061-2311 (Print until 2020) Regional and Business Studies is an international, transdisciplinary scientific journal published recently twice a year and contains original scientific reports, research results, critical résumés, conference reviews, and letters to the editors. The topic of the journal includes the important fields of business, rural and regional development, and social sciences. Founded: 2009 at Kaposvár University Faculty of Economic Science.
Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus
Analysing the Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Transitional Economies Evidence from Hungary
Youth unemployment in Europe poses a serious challenge to the European Union and its member states. The main objective of the study was to investigate the macroeconomic determinants of youth unemployment in Hungary using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. To achieve the objective of the study, secondary data was used, which was collected from the World Bank for the period 1992–2022. The study employed a descriptive and explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron unit root test was conducted to assess the stationarity of the data. The dependent variable was the youth unemployment rate, while the explanatory variables include gross domestic product, gross domestic saving, inflation rate, and real effective exchange rate. The finding suggests that gross domestic product, real effective exchange rate, and inflation have statistically significant impacts on the youth unemployment rate in the short run. The long run model suggests that gross domestic product, gross domestic saving, real effective exchange rate, and inflation have a statistically significant impact on youth unemployment. Finaly, policy makers need to concentrate on enacting measures that promote economic growth, such as bolstering important sectors of the economy and concentrate on industries with a high capacity for absorbing labour to guarantee that growth results in job creation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tadesse Getachew Habetie; Dóra Kolta, Emese Prihoda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Leadership: The 21st Century Leadership Style
As a process of digital transformation, the previous, classic leadership competencies were supplemented with new ones, and a new leadership style, the digital leadership emerged. What was considered an advantage a few years ago is now a basic requirement. Technology can no longer be seen as just a tool. A digital leader must ensure that technology is a central element of the strategy. This paper examines this area from the perspective of leadership competencies and emerging challenges. Objectives of this study were to analyse digital leadership as a leadership style, and to investigate the connection between classical and digital leadership skills. At the same time the main challenges - employees and leaders face - have been also examined. Results: In this research it was determined that digital leadership exists beside the classic and modern leadership styles and it complements them. Strong relation has been found between classical and digital leadership skills. It was observed that employees in leadership roles tend to view their own superiors more favourably than employees without subordinates. Finally, the main challenges that employees and leaders face in the workplace due to digital transformation were summarised. Conclusion: The acceleration of technological development and the rise of digitization have brought humanity into a constantly changing world, posing unprecedented challenges for all of us. For managers, this may require new skills, or a different application of traditional leadership competencies, which now carry a different weight in the digital age.
digital leadesrship, digital transformation, leadership competencies
Copyright (c) 2025 Orsolya Hebeny-Fuchs, Marianna Fehérné Kiss https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparing Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian Paradigms in Monetary Policy
The changing global economy often requires a review of monetary policy frameworks, stressing the importance of clear theories and practical use. This paper aims to understand how different Keynesian-based theories tackle modern economic issues, especially in managing inflation, unemployment, and financial stability. Although both Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian theories stem from Keynesian economics, they offer different methods and policy suggestions based on their unique theoretical bases. This paper addresses a gap in current research by providing a systematic comparative analysis of how Post-Keynesian and New-Keynesian frameworks influence real-world monetary policymaking, especially during financial crises and periods of structural economic change, areas often discussed separately but not directly compared. It outlines the theoretical assumptions, policy tools, and economic impacts of each school, offering a clearer understanding of their practical relevance. This comparison is vital for policymakers and economists facing complex economic conditions who require robust and flexible theoretical guidance. This study reveals that while both approaches contribute valuable insights to economic policymaking, they diverge significantly in their own perspectives on economic stabilization and crisis response. Post-Keynesians emphasize monetary endogeneity and the remediation of structural fragilities, whereas New-Keynesians prioritize market imperfections and expectation management via policy instruments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sara Salimi, Eszter Kazinczy, Tibor Tatay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Diplomatic Incident - The Political Risk of Corporate Diplomacy and the Implementation of Corporate Diplomacy Strategy Concepts within Scrutinized Industries
The geopolitical environment of multinational corporations (MNCs) is increasingly volatile. For the purpose of mitigation, many MNCs are trying to strengthen their corporate social responsibility programs. Nevertheless, corporations are often faced with harsh stakeholder increased criticism, scrutiny and even sheer hostilities. Corporate diplomacy concepts are addressing these problems by engaging in dialog with unwanted stakeholders since, amidst the geopolitical conflicts around the world, corporations still need to grow their business operations. However, even in countries in which market orientated economic policies predominate, MNCs are today often in disputes with host governments, while additionally new political activist movements are building up political pressure, amplifying accumulated social concerns regarding the negative environmental impact of corporations. In the future, it will be increasingly important for companies to protect their business operations from government interference and other unwanted stakeholders. However, concepts and strategies of corporate diplomacy need to be reviewed, in terms of practical applicability under changing sociopolitical and geopolitical circumstances. Especially in industries that are under heavy stakeholder scrutiny, current corporate diplomacy concepts are difficult to implement. This research illustrates the political risks of corporate diplomacy and suggests where the current concept of DIPLOM needs revision by attempting to apply this established theoretical concept to a corporation operating in a challenging business environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arne Marquering, Veronika Gál https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
One of the important tasks of science is to respond effectively to the challenges that arise during the ever-accelerating social and economic changes, and to provide appropriate answers to the questions that arise. It is useful to provide guidance for decision-makers at the macro and micro levels. It does this in such a way that there is no salutary „best practice” for the interpretation and explanation of complex phenomena. There are better or worse solutions to problems that fall within the scope of „good practice”.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zoltán Zörög https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Subjective Satisfaction
Several analyses have already shown that subjective satisfaction levels are closely correlated with economic performance, and therefore there is a growing focus for governments to monitor the level of satisfaction in society. In our study, we investigate the relationship between subjective satisfaction and financial market variables using macroeconomic data for European countries over the period 2013–2022. From a financial perspective, the savings and loans of the population are a very significant share of the financial sector, which is influenced by both market and governmental factors. In our analysis we include demographic, economic and financial market variables. We find that increases in the ratio of savings to household credit are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction, while changes in the central bank base rate have a negative impact on household satisfaction.
happiness, satisfaction, savings, central bank interest rate
Copyright (c) 2025 Plántek Katalin, Parádi-Dolgos Anett https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Primary Impediments to Investing in Azerbaijan’s Renewable Energy Projects
This article investigates the primary impediments to investing in Azerbaijan's renewable energy sector, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with transitioning to sustainable energy sources. Despite Azerbaijan's significant renewable energy potential, particularly in hydroelectric, wind, and solar power, the sector's development is hindered by financial, institutional, regulatory, technical, and informational barriers. The research underscores the limited impact of renewables on the country's energy mix, driven by inadequate policy implementation and fluctuating investment levels. It calls for comprehensive legislative reforms, strategic foreign investments, and the adoption of new technologies to overcome these obstacles. The article also discusses Azerbaijan's efforts to showcase its renewable energy initiatives at COP29, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation in achieving the country's ambitious energy goals. By addressing the identified challenges, Azerbaijan could accelerate its transition to a sustainable energy future, contributing significantly to global climate objectives.
Azerbaijan Renewable Energy, Energy Investments, Foreign Investments, Energy Policy, Financial Barriers
Copyright (c) 2024 Sabuhi Mammadli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
In our settlement-level study using the Markov chain method and dynamic regression panel models, we found that in the period 2011-2021, income in the previous year strongly affects income status, i.e., income shows high persistence. Despite the steady increase in per capita income over the period under study, the spatial structure of the income distribution shows a fixed state, with a high degree of stability: poor municipalities remain poor, while rich municipalities remain rich. Only in the Central and Western Transdanubian regions is there a greater chance of a municipality's population moving into a higher income category. The results of the regression models show that, in addition to the income level of previous years, the higher number of self-employed, the greater distance of settlements from cities and Budapest, the employment structure and the higher share of job seekers have a significant impact on the income of the population.
Copyright (c) 2024 Adrián Csizmadia, Tibor Bareith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Kenya is an agriculture-based economy and dairy farming is a major contributor to the national revenue. As production intensifies, the negative effect on the climate becomes more evident. Therefore, there is a need to align production with sustainable development goals. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the scholarly research landscape on Kenya's dairy sector and its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 33 studies published from 2015 were obtained from the SCOPUS and analysed using R (Bibliometrix package) and VoS Viewer (1.6.19). The research established that since the enactment and ratification of the SDGs, there has been a marked increase in research on dairy farming sustainability in Kenya, though with significant yearly variations. Further, the study noted the predominance of small-scale dairy farming in Kenya, where the focus has traditionally been on increasing milk production, often at the expense of sustainable practices. Agriculture and sustainable intensification are the central themes reflecting efforts to balance increased food production and long-term sustainability, particularly in the face of climate change impacts such as droughts and heavy rainfall. The study underscores the critical role of both global and local collaborations in advancing research and addressing the sustainability challenges in Kenya’s dairy sector. The findings advocate for a multidisciplinary research approach to achieve a balanced emphasis on productivity and environmental sustainability, ensuring the sector's alignment with the SDGs for long-term growth and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2024 Douglas Mwirigi, Mária Farkasné Fekete, Csaba Borbély https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Current Status-quo of Azerbaijan Renewable Energy and Possible Cooperation with EU
The article aims to provide information regarding current situation and future potential of renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan. Moreover, it proposes measures for the more convenient and efficient utilization of alternative and renewable energy sources to address the pollution of the natural environment resulting from recent significant climate changes on our planet. It extensively covers various aspects of alternative energy sources, including their development history, types, operational principles, and structures. Additionally, the factors influencing these energy sources are elucidated, along with an overview of state programs aimed at their development, tasks, and implementation, as well as European Union cooperation initiatives. The research also delves into the utilization of alternative renewable energy sources, ongoing projects, and the efficient utilization of natural resources. In modern times, the use of renewable energy sources present a promising avenue, offering the potential to safeguard environmental balance, restore equilibrium, and maintain ecosystem dynamics. The accelerating disruption of this balance underscores the urgency of expanding development and utilization efforts in this area. This article investigates current and possible future cooperation between European Union and Azerbaijan in renewable energy industry.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sabuhi Mammadli, Tofig Bayram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Foreign Employment in Szeklerland in the Early 2020’s
In the course of the research, the effects of foreign guest work, both in the narrower and broader sense, in Csíkszentkirály and its surroundings are investigated. The subject is very topical and of great importance today, but despite this, little information is available. This phenomenon has grown into a rapidly developing and important industry with a very significant impact on the population, which is why we believe it is important to record, monitor and analyse data on it. The reasons for going abroad are mostly economic, with the main objective being to earn as much income as possible. However, we suspect (and this is confirmed in the paper) that labour migration abroad has a significant and often surprising economic, emotional and social impact on the daily life of an individual, a family or a community. This impact may be direct or even indirect, but it affects the financial, emotional, social and community situation of an individual or community. It was also essential to examine whether working abroad is, in fact, essential to achieving a decent standard of living. After examining the results, it seems that, although not easy and much more challenging, working at home can help achieve these goals, but going abroad offers a much simpler, shorter and more spectacular result.
Copyright (c) 2024 József Varga, Sarolta Urzsuly, Katalin-Emőke Péter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Informal Land Buyers’ Perspectives in Dilla City, Southern Ethiopia
Formal urban land is market unable to supply adequate residential plot that could shoulder the prevailing demand from low- and middle-income people and hence, the aim of the paper was meant to explore the informal land buyers’ expectations of infrastructure and various related municipal services that they deprive themselves of. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a survey of 186 respondents in informal land markets, observation, and focus group discussions with municipal experts. Secondary data from formal land markets in Dilla municipality from 2017-2023 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the study revealed that the pushing factors of informal land market proliferation in Dilla city is due to the lack of formal land supply from Dilla municipality which is only 6.6% so that the remaining great majority (97.3%) of the study area residents expect at least one service (road, water, electricity, drainage, monitoring services) from Dilla municipality to improve deprivation of basic infrastructural services, notwithstanding the need of land monitoring services such as surveying and title deeds. The situations call for design a pro-poor land and housing policy, adequate compensation during expropriation of farmers for serviced supply of land, creating awareness about formal land markets, and working in collaboration with rural counterparts in basis of rural – urban collaboration frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kibru Alemu Gedecho, Horváthné Kovács Bernadett https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Touristic Importance of Gyula Region in the New Destination Structure Defined in 2020
The management system and organisational structure of national tourism fundamentally was renewed in Hungary in 2016, which had several new elements. The five determined ’important tourism development areas’ as destinations became the new frame for developing tourism in 2016 and 2017. Destination system was also renewed in 2020, when not only the official names and territorial range were overviewed, but also eleven destinations were created and six new ones were determined. Among these destinations the Gyula region consists of the least number of settlements only two (Gyula and Békéscsaba). The article focuses on the research questions of what processes and events led to the creation of the current tourist offer of the two municipalities of Gyula tourist region and how the area performed in the years 2020-2022. By examining the socio-economic changes in the two settlements after the Second World War, the roots of the current level of tourism development are explored. The analysis of the statistical data series available from the Central Statistical Office and the National Tourism Data Supply Centre are used to analyse the specificities of the period 2020-2022. Since the two cities have different tourist characteristics, they cannot be considered major competitors, and in fact Békéscsaba’s dominant position in business tourism can be well complemented by the spa services offered in Gyula. In both municipalities surveyed, tourism operators faced challenges due to travel restrictions resulting from the COVID pandemic, but the dominant domestic visitor share in the tourist area meant that guests returned quickly after the closures.
Copyright (c) 2024 Róbert Bagdi, Anita Mondok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Work-Life Balance of Employees
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are still prevalent in the Hungarian labour market. With home office gaining ground, the traditional way of working before the pandemic was partially altered, for which neither employers nor employees were ready. Work-life balance was upset by the change in the daily routine. In our quantitative online questionnaire survey, we looked at whether this disruption and change had a greater impact on the older or younger generation and whether there was a discernible gender difference in home office work in Hungary. Before the questionnaire survey, two hypotheses were developed. One of our hypotheses was confirmed and the other was rejected after analysing the data. We demonstrated that older age groups – the Baby Boomer and Generation X – are more satisfied with their work-life balance than younger age groups – the Generation Y and Generation Z – using statistical methods (cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square test). We examine these possible causes and make recommendations for strategies to promote work-life balance in our article.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zoltán Greutter, Éva Greutter-Gregus, Zoltán Szira, Erika Varga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Addressing Urban Inequality Through Innovative Social Housing Strategies
This article presents a detailed examination of how social housing is approached in three major South African cities: Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town. These cities serve as unique examples, each dealing with different issues and finding creative solutions. The study conducts this comparative analysis through document analysis namely the City of Johannesburg Housing Policy, Durban Metropolitan Housing Strategy, the City of Cape Town Integrated Development Plan, and the National Department of Human Settlements Annual Report. Community involvement, and sustainable practices related to social housing emerge as critical components in all these cities seeking to achieve adequate urban development through social housing. In Johannesburg, there is a strong focus on addressing the ongoing effects of apartheid through „restorative housing” and encouraging diverse communities through mixed-income housing. Durban stands out for its „cultural inclusivity” approach, which views diversity as an advantage in urban development. In Cape Town, they have adopted „ecological urbanism” to harmonize nature and urban life, overcoming geographical challenges. One common theme in these cities is the involvement of the community, empowering residents to be active participants in shaping their living spaces. Sustainability is not just about the environment but also about connecting housing projects with economic and social systems. This analysis highlights how social housing can transform urban areas into fair, inclusive, and sustainable places, not only in South Africa but worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mzuchumile Makalima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring Intercultural Online Marketing Competence among Tourism Students
Intercultural online marketing is an essential element in today’s rapidly developing and diversifying world. Many fields, including marketing, are not only increasingly aware of this social and individual need, but are incorporating it into their tools and methods. A common method for targeted and effective marketing campaigns in tourism is to ensure that potential customers receive a response that is appropriate to the cultural background of the target audience. The aim of the present study is to examine tourism students’ attitudes towards intercultural online marketing in the following areas: Knowledge in the field of Intercultural Marketing; Stereotypes about potential customers; How to target potential customers as well as the students; Cross-cultural knowledge/skills. The research was conducted among students of the Department of Tourism at the Faculty of Central European Studies of the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia. The questionnaire on which the research was based was completed by 135 respondents. The results of the survey provide an answer to the research question about the knowledge and perceptions of the future representatives of the tourism sector. The results obtained indicate that the extent of experience and knowledge in the field of intercultural online marketing is not sufficient. These findings have potential implications for further research to explore strategies for enhancing education and training programs aimed at bridging the gap in intercultural online marketing proficiency among future professionals in the tourism sector. Moreover, these findings suggest a need for collaborative efforts among academia, industry stakeholders, to develop comprehensive initiatives that address the evolving demands of the tourism industry in an interconnected world.
Copyright (c) 2023 Norbert Beták, Viktória Bíziková, Viktória Gergelyová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Transformation of South Africa's Townships
This literature paper examines the dynamics of the „Transformation of South Africa's Townships: TBL Initiatives and the Future of Social Housing.” Rooted in the historical echoes of apartheid, the examination extends to post-apartheid social housing activities, notably the Reconstruction Development Programme (RDP) initiated in 2004. At its core lies the incorporation of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) principles, emphasizing environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The study's objectives encompass evaluating TBL integration, measuring its impact on resident well-being, and dissecting associated challenges. Hypotheses suggest positive outcomes on resident quality of life, long-term sustainability, and resilience with TBL incorporation. The review traverses historical complexities, the transformative role of TBL, and a comparative analysis of global social housing initiatives, drawing insights from Singapore, Sweden, Brazil, and localized projects. Theoretical frameworks guiding TBL in social housing, coupled with practical case studies, shed light on the tangible application of these principles. In conclusion, the synthesis advocates for evidence-based policies, urging the holistic development of thriving, resilient communities in South African townships.
Current Scenarios of Circular Economy in Brazil and Ecuador
The circular economy offers alternatives to provide concrete solutions to productive, environmental, and social challenges worldwide, especially for developing countries such as in Latin America and the Caribbean region, where the economic models are heavily dependent on natural resource exports. The literature review briefly describes the current scenarios of the circular economy in two Latin American countries (Brazil and Ecuador). The paper describes the importance of the Circular Economy (CE), the public policies implemented in these countries during recent times, and the main challenges they face to achieve a transition from the traditional economic model to a more sustainable one. At the global level, there are various mechanisms and policies that drive the transition from a linear to a circular economy. However, developing countries such as Brazil and Ecuador do not yet have specific policy frameworks that encourage the circular economy as a governmental policy. The outstanding challenges and actions for achieving CE in the case of the countries considered remain large and require the joint effort of all actors involved at the public, private, academic and public care levels in general.
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Lourdes Ordonez Olivo, Caroline Martins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin
Over time, cryptocurrencies have experienced a widespread adoption, with bitcoin emerging as the most prominent example. In an increasingly uncertain world, the significance of possessing a stable store of value, traditionally fulfilled by gold, has escalated. Bitcoin has been often referred to as a digital equivalent of gold. Hence, this study primarily focuses on analyzing the price dynamics of this particular cryptocurrency. A comprehensive literature review will be employed to examine the regulatory obstacles encountered within the cryptocurrency market. Additionally, considering the contentious nature of this field, special attention will be devoted to the clash of perspectives surrounding this innovation. Subsequently, concentrating on the period 2016-2021, this paper will investigate the factors that define a risk-weighted investment, utilizing the Sharpe ratio and Sortino ratio. However, there has been significant volatility in the price of Bitcoin in 2020-2021, and our research fills a gap in the relationship between Bitcoin returns and risk in the post-2016 period. Overall, the analysis concludes that bitcoin exhibits highly turbulent investment characteristics. Despite its substantial price appreciation, the findings indicate that bitcoin displays significant volatility. Consequently, selecting this investment alternative entails considerable risks. Based on our results, there were years between 2016-2021 when bitcoin was a good investment, but in most cases its returns were associated with excessive volatility and risk. For this reason, it is not recommended for risk-averse rational investors.
Copyright (c) 2023 Zoltán Sipiczki, Rebeka Gulyás, Veronika Gál https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Investigating Profit Persistence Among Hungarian Plastic Manufacturing Companies
This study examines the competitive nature of the Hungarian plastics industry sector based on 2010-2019 data from the Crefoport database.. The aim of the study is to examine that how close the market of plastic industry companies is to perfect competition. Market efficiency was investigated using a Markov chain and profit persistence estimation (Arellano & Bond, 1991). Corporate profitability was measured using the ROA indicator. Variables reflecting industry and market effects are also included in the analysis as controls. Based on the Markov transition probability matrix, market competition is harmed. Based on the panel model estimation, the profit persistence value shows a low value (0.129) compared to the existing literature. The profitability of plastic companies can be statistically proven to be affected by company size (p = -0.046), short (p = 0.016) and long risk (p=-0.093), and the volatility of profitability (p = 0.633). Among the exogenous variables, industry income (p=0.081) and market concentration (p = 0.974) have a significant effect on the profitability of companies. Limited market competition reduces overall social benefit and efficiency in several ways: it reduces price competition, quality orientation, and the pursuit of innovations. Therefore, from the point of view of economic policy , it is definitely justified that the sector receives subsidies in an appropriate amount that improves the efficiency and productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as encourage technological development and innovation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Molnar, Tamás Horváth, Tibor Bareith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Customer Employee Exchange and Firm Innovative Behavior Among SMEs in Ghana
The study sought to examine the relationship between customer-employee exchange and firm innovative behaviour (FIB). The mediation effect of customer knowledge management in the relationship between customer-employee exchange and FIB was determined. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire. We sampled 247 respondents from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana using the simple random sampling technique. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was assessed using the Smart-PLS. The findings of the study suggest that the variables representing customer-employee exchange (solidarity, harmonization, and information exchange) have had an important effect on FIB. Moreover, customer knowledge management is found to mediate relationships between customer-employee exchange and firm innovative behaviour. The study recommends that due to their limited resources compared to larger companies’ new ways of interactions between SMEs and customers should be introduced and enhanced as that will help the firms to improve their innovative behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2023 Diyawu Rahman Adam, Sadick Alhaji Husseini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Spatial Analysis of Game Damage in the Settlement of Cserénfa at the Kaposvár Forestry of SEFAG
Reducing game damage is the essential interest of both farmers and hunters. A former paper on statistical analysis of game damage is complemented with spatial analysis in the recent paper. Authors examined the forest cover at Kaposvár Forestry of SEFAG, and also the location, the topography, the land cover of Cserénfa, and their relationship with the location of the game damage events. The maps clearly show that in the forested, hilly Zselic landscape, the island-like agricultural areas are inherently exposed to game damage. Only 3.77% of the total area of the Kaposvár Forestry is located further than 300 m distance of the forest, in Cserénfa, this is only 1.59%. Considering the topography of Cserénfa, it was found that only 39% of the agricultural area has a slope of less than 5%. Due to the steep slopes and the exposure to game damage, an alternative form of farming is proposed.
Copyright (c) 2023 Róbert Barna, Bernadett Horváthné Kovács, Martin Király, Zsófia Turnai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
An Overview of Performance Measurement for Demand Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Demand forecasting is an essential task to match supply and demand. From a supplier’s view, demand forecasting is important to optimize supply chains and thus maximize profits. The ever-increasing availability of data that can be used as input factors for predictive models allows more and more sophistication for diverse forecasting tasks in the context of demand forecasting. On the one hand, increasingly complex models have been used for demand forecasting over the last years, from simple exponential smoothing methods and ARIMA models up to complex, hybrid (deep) artificial neural networks. On the other hand, little attention is paid to the methods that evaluate the forecasting performance of these models, which are essential for the selection from among potential forecasting models. In this article, we aim to answer the question of what are the most favourable measurements in recent literature on applied neural network demand forecasting for supply chain management. To this end, we analyzed 193 relevant publications in which demand forecasting was applied using artificial neural networks. We found that in artificial neural network demand forecasting used to evaluate forecasting performance, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Error are by far the most popular methods. Furthermore, we found that when forecasting performance measurements are combined, the most common combination is the combination of Mean Absolute Error, the Root Mean Squared Error and the Mean Absolute Error.
Copyright (c) 2022 Steffen Robus, Virág Walter, Zsolt Kőmüves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examination of the Performance of Food Industry Enterprises Between 2010 and 2021
In the case of any state, the success of its corporate sector is a cardinal question for its national economy. Consequently, the issue of profitability of the corporate sector has always attracted considerable attention from experts dedicated to understanding successful economic functioning. Regarding academic research priorities, it is essential to identify the identifiable factors, mechanisms of action and trends that are important for the success of corporate growth. In the light of previous studies on the performance of the Hungarian food sector, the above findings are also confirmed, and the main focus of this research is to analyse the factors that play a significant role in stimulating the profitability of the Hungarian food industry. The relevant research period is mainly the period before, during and after the coronavirus epidemic.
Copyright (c) 2023 Péter Földi, Anett Katalin Parádi-Dolgos, Tibor Bareith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Understanding Resilience in Tourism and Hospitality
The two years that have passed since the spring of 2020 have been an extremely unfavorable period for businesses in the tourism and hospitality sector. The coercive measures introduced due to Covid-19 led to adverse events, often crises in the operation of stores. The literature on resilience gives the most adequate answers to the question of how successfully a company resists or adapts to an unfavorable market situation. Resilience refers to the ability of the organization to continue to function during an adverse event by bouncing back or adapting to the circumstances in a new way. The purpose of this study is to summarize the concepts of resilience and present its aspects related to tourism and hospitality. The systematic processing of the results of resilience research found in the literature is not only useful for understanding the current situation but can also provide an effective coping strategy for another period of crisis. Since the research of corporate skills plays an important role in the post-Covid-19 recovery, the study proposes possible research methods for resilience and points out the challenges of business research.
Copyright (c) 2023 János Debreceni, Zsófia Fekete-Frojimovics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Survey About Patents, Invention and Commercialization Processes in Kazakhstan
This article is about the importance of intellectual property in the innovation process. It focuses on the results obtained in the survey with owners of patents in Kazakhstan. The questions were related to the processes of invention and commercialization. From the mainstream of responses, we identified those that are crucial in the process of invention and those that can affect the process of commercialization in the future. Namely, we were interested in the variables which are significant in the process of invention and how they affect commercialization. The result of the post-hoc test identified the data which differ within groups. It was found that eight variables were different in the combination of groups: the number of authors, the type of resource R&D, the number of patents, and the evaluation of the invention, expressed in terms of money. This test revealed that these variables change from group to group. Moreover, it allowed us to look deeper into the inventive process and identify the direction of these changes.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ainura Shakenova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sustainability Challenges in Omni-channel Retailing: A Systematic Review
The consideration of sustainability aspects in omni-channel retail research has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the literature lacks structured reviews that provide a holistic view on the various challenges in this research field. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and structure the current sustainability challenges in omni-channel retailing. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement guidelines and examined publications from 2012 to 2022. The bibliographic databases ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight and Scopus were used for the review. The examination of 10 publications from 663 records revealed a diversity of sustainability challenges in omni-channel retailing covering all three dimensions of sustainability. However, the review indicated an uneven weighting in favour of economic challenges, followed by environmental, while social aspects were of minor interest. Along the value chain, challenges in transport and logistics were especially in the spotlight in omni-channel research. This review is the first to highlight sustainability challenges documented the academic literature on omni-channel retailing and attempts to offer a comprehensive, and structured overview as a starting point for future research or for development of managerial implications in business practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Julius Raether, Peter Onyonje Osiako, Viktória Szente https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Defence acquisition is a complex undertaking involving multiple actors and processes. However, in recent years, the US and UK defence acquisition frameworks have been criticised for not being able to cope with the complex and uncertain nature of defence. The paper takes this criticism and argues that defence acquisition is best understood as a “wicked problem” in which collective processes tie the system into large and interconnected networks of systems, not as a traditional linear science problem. In particular, the paper demonstrates that the Linear Transformation Model, at the heart of the US and UK defence acquisition framework, is ill-designed to cope with the complex and uncertain nature of both defence outputs and outcomes. The main reasons are technological maturity, information asymmetry and the need for interpretation and judgement. Furthermore, the paper elaborates that defence acquisition is characterised by a “problem of theory” and a “problem of practice” and that further research is necessary in order to transform its institutional culture and tackle the theory-practice divide with a more holistic approach.
Copyright (c) 2022 Alexandre Verlaine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Coopetition in the Context of the Sustainability Goals
The article explores the literature on coopetition in relation to sustainability goals. The research is based on three parts, which specifically address the terms „coopetition” and „sustainability”, respectively, and then examine the literature that specifically focuses on the topic of „coopetition and sustainability”. In particular, the research provides the following answers: How is the novel type of mergers between competitors known as „coopetition” interpreted in academia? What is meant by sustainability? What are its origins and the driving forces that can influence cooperation with competitors? It is noted that competitive cooperations between competitors exist in many fields of entrepreneurship and cannot be attributed to one single industry. In the past, the main drivers for entrepreneurs to enter a coopetition were economic aspects. Among others, the reduction of costs, the increase or optimisation of economic performance and thus the strengthening of competitiveness vis-à- vis other competitors, as well as the opening up of new markets and the reduction of business risk. Since the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, however, sustainability considerations have become another driver for entering a coopetition, if not one of the main future drivers. This is because not only political requirements but also the purchasing behaviour of consumers have led to rethinking in the corporate sector.
Copyright (c) 2022 Doreen Kaempf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The influence of marketing communication channels on the motivations, consumption behavior, and satisfaction of domestic tourists in Kenya
As one of the oldest forms of tourism, domestic tourism remains vital for any destination especially in this post Covid-19 era when tourists are extremely sensitive to cross-border travel. Therefore, an understanding of how marketing communication channels affect the motivation, consumption behavior and satisfaction of domestic tourists is crucial in promoting this form of tourism. This study aims to investigate the influence of marketing communication channels on the motivations, consumption behavior and satisfaction of domestic tourists visiting Machakos People’s Park, in Kenya. To achieve this, a survey was conducted on a sample of 258 domestic tourists visiting Machakos People’s Park. Quantitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. Explorative factor analysis was performed to distinguish the push and pull motivation factors, and descriptive measures were determined. Thereafter, cross-tabulation and chi-square determination were performed to test the associations between marketing communication channels and the other variables in the study. An alpha level of .05 was used for these statistical tests. The findings revealed that marketing communication channels had a significant influence only on the consumption behavior of domestic tourists but not on their motivations and satisfaction. These findings are instrumental for the marketing communication and management of Machakos People’s Park, and similar domestic tourist destinations.
Copyright (c) 2022 Peter Onyonje Osiako, Julius Raether, Viktória Szente https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0