Dehidrogenáz enzimaktivitás, mint a talajkímélő művelés és takarónövény alkalmazás hatásának korai indikátora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.6333Keywords:
talajbiológia, ökológiai gazdálkodás, kímélő művelés, takarónövények, enzimaktivitás, glomalin, FDAAbstract
Az ökológiai gazdálkodás pozitív hatását a talaj termékenységére számos kutatás igazolta. További javulás érhető el a talajegészségében, ha az ökológiai gazdálkodásban a talajművelés minimalizálása és a talaj folyamatos növényi borítottsága is hangsúlyos célként fogalmazódik meg. A hagyományos talajvizsgálatok elsősorban a talaj kémiai tulajdonságait, a tápanyag- ellátottságát vizsgálják és figyelmen kívül hagyják a talajt, mint olyan élő rendszert, ami hozzájárul a növény folyamatos táplálásához, egészséges fejlődéséhez, meghatározva a termés beltartalmi és táplálkozás élettani tulajdonságait is. Jelen kutatás a forgatás nélküli művelés és a takarónövények alkalmazásának rövidtávú hatását vizsgálja néhány talajbiológiai tulajdonság változására. Teszteltük a talajok dehidrogenáz (DHA) és fluoreszcein-diacetát (FDA) hidrolízissel kimutatható enzimaktivitását, továbbá a mikorrhiza gombák glomalinnal összefüggő talajfehérjéinek könnyen kinyerhető formáját. A három évig tartó ökológiai gazdálkodási kísérletben egy hagyományos szántásra alapozott művelést (SZ) hasonlítottunk össze forgatás nélküli műveléssel (K) és azt kiegészítve takarónövények alkalmazásával (KT). A talajok biológiai tulajdonságai közül a DHA enzim aktivitásban találtunk szignifikáns különbséget a KT kezelésben (+47,4%). Az FDA enzim aktivitásban, a tápanyag tartalomban (NPK), a glomalin tartalomban (EEGRSP) két év alatt még nem volt kimutatható változás a különböző talajkezelések között. A változatos összetételű takarónövény-keverék már rövidtávon is kifejtette hatását a DHA enzimaktivitáson keresztül. Az eredmények a talajegészség módszerek összehangolt, következetes és kombinált alkalmazásának a szükségességét is alátámasztották.
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