Effects of heavy metals on the water balance of cucumber detected by MRI measurement
Keywords:
MRI, heavy metals, water balanceAbstract
The purpose of our study was to extend the potential applications of MRI (applied in human diagnostics) to plant-water relations, and to verify the previous knowledge about it. Effects of heavy metals on the water balance of the plants can be examined by MR measurements. Three-week-old seedlings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were polluted with Pb-nitrate, Zn-sulfate, Cd-nitrate and Hg-chloride solutions at 10-5 M concentration. The incubation time was 1 week. The plants were grown in nutrient solution in growing chambers. The effects of heavy metals on the water balance were measured by classical method and MRI technique. The MRI measurements were carried out at the Diagnostics and Oncoradiological Institute of the University of Kaposvár (Hungary), using a Siemens Avanto MRI equipment. The MR measurements are made on the spin’s system. The procedure is based on the interaction of the external magnetic field, electromagnetic waves and the hydrogen nucleus’ in the substance. Namely the quantity and distribution of the protons are measured by MR. If we ask a question, where can we find relatively a lot of protons, our answer is in the water. So the MR doesn’t measure the anatomic structure, but the quantity of protons. The anatomic structures are determined by the distribution and quantity of protons. As classical method stomatal resistance was measured by AP4 porometer in conductance mode. Water content was determined by drying until weight consistence. Water content percentage is determined by the dry and fresh weight. Significant differences can be detected between the different heavy metal treatments by MRI measurements, but the classical methods did not prove these deviations. In consequence the MRI measurements can provide more detail information about water content and transport. In addition MRI measurement is a non-destructive method, opposite to the classical techniques. MRI measurement can increase our knowledge on the cycling and pathways of heavy metals in the plants.
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