Transzgénikus állatok, mint bioreaktorok
Irodalmi összefoglás
Kulcsszavak:
transzgénikus állat, bioreaktor, vér, tejAbsztrakt
Ma már különböző rendszerek állnak rendelkezésre gyógyászatilag hasznosítható rekombináns fehérjék előállítására. Jelenleg a transzgénikus haszonállatok vére és méginkább a teje tűnik a legvonzóbb lehetőségnek gyógyhatású fehérjék előállítására. Ezen szöveti sejtek feltehetően megfelelő mennyiségben képesek érett fehérjéket termelni. A fejlett DNS rekombinációs technológiák a mikroinjektálással és az embrió-átültetéssel összekapcsolódva lehetővé tették az idegen gének bexitelét az állatok csíravonalába. A tejfehérje gének klónozása a 70-es, 80-as években, majd ezen gének promoter és szabályozó régióinak a meghatározása és jellemzése azt eredményezte, hogy a kutatók ma már több haszonállatfajban is képesek egyes gyógyhatású fehérjék hatékony, tejmirigy specifikus és a hormonális hatásokra is megfelelően reagáló termeltetésé-e. Egyes transzgénikus juhokban a gyógyhatású fehérjék az összes tejfehérje tartalom 50%-ánál magasabb szintet meghaladva sem okoznak egészségügyi vagy szaporodási problémákat. A transzgénikus technika lehetővé teszi a tejalkotók egymáshoz viszonyított arányának megváltoztatását is. Laboratóriumunkban olyan kiméra gént hoztunk létre melynek segítségével vizsgálni tudtuk transzgénikus egerek tejében a kappa-kazein szint növekedésének fiziko-kémiai hatásait. A huszonegyedik század küszöbén, a gyógyhatású fehérjéket termelő gazdasági állatok realitássá váltak. Az első, a gyógyászat számára ily módon előállított termékek már a klinikai kivizsgálás különböző stádiumaiban vannak.
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