The interconnection of mountain and lowland landscapes in historical perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3589Keywords:
Cultural landscape, Mountain landscape, Landscape history, Historic routes, Animal husbandry, TranshumanceAbstract
Most historic landscape research takes place within individual countries or even regions. However, landscapes and regions have always been interconnected and we cannot understand any landscape without taking their connections into account. This is certainly the case with mountain landscapes, which were often framed as remote, isolated and self-supporting, but in reality were always connected to the outside world. Exchange with lowland regions existed in different forms: in transhumance systems, in specialised forms of agriculture and in specific products. Over the long run, the resilience of mountain landscapes was not connected to stability, but to creative adaptation to ever changing eternal conditions.
References
Adams, I. H. 1976: Agrarian landscape terms: a glossary for historical geography. Institute of British Geographers, London (Special Publication 9)
Aerni, K. 1990: 1000 Jahre Siedlung und Verkehr im schweizerischen Alpenraum; Voraussetzungen und Ergebnisse. Siedlungsforschung; Archäologie-Geschichte- Geographie 8: 9–42.
Appuhn, K. 2009: A forest on the sea; environmental expertise in Renaissance Venice. The Johns Hopkins UP, Baltimore
Becker, H. 1978: Types and forms of the medieval settlement expansion process in the central parts of the south of the Eastern Alps. Geographia Polonica 38: 25–30.
Becker, H. 1998: Allgemeine historische Agrargeographie. Teubner, Stuttgart
Blanks, D. R. 2005: Transhumance in the Middle Ages: the Eastern Pyrenees. Journal of Peasant Studies 23 (1): 64–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066159508438600
Braudel, F. 1975: The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II. Fontana/Collins, London
Braudel, F. 1991: The identity of France 2: people and production. Fontana, London
Brönnimann, S. 1997: Die schiff- und flössbaren Gewässer in den Alpen von 1500 bis 1800; Versuch eines Inventars. Der Geschichtsfreund 150: 119–178.
Bunce, R. G. H., Pérez-Soba, M., Jongman, R. H. G., Gómez Sal, A., Herzog, F., Austad, I. (Eds) 2004: Transhumance and biodiversity in European mountains. Report of the EU- FP5 project TRANSHUMOUNT (EVK2-CT-2002-80017). Alterra, Wageningen (IALE publication series 1)
De Vooys, A.C. 1959: Uitholling van geografische begrippen: de transhumance. Geografisch Tijdschrift 12: 193–199.
Delano Smith, C. 1979: Western Mediterranean Europe; a historical geography of Italy, Spain and Southern France since the Neolithic. Academic Press, London etc.
Emanuelsson, U. 2009: The rural landscapes of Europe; how man has shaped European nature. Formas, Stockholm
Fleming, A. 1999: Small-scale communities and the landscape of Swaledale (North Yorkshire, UK). In: Ucko, P. J., Layton, R. (Eds). The archaeology and anthropology of landscape. Shaping your landscape. Routledge, London/New York (One World Archaeology 30): 66–73.
Fox, H., Tompkins, M., Dyer, C. (Eds) 2012: Dartmoors alluring uplands; transhumance and pastoral management in the Middle Ages. University of Exeter Press, Exeter
Gijsbers, W. 1999: Kapitale ossen; de internationale handel in slachtvee in Noordwest-Europa (1300–1750). Verloren, Hilversum (N.W. Posthumus Reeks 9)
Gijsbers, W. 2002: Een enkele reis over de ossenwegen. Historisch-Geografisch Tijdschrift 20 (3): 62–66.
Herring, P. 2009: Early medieval transhumance in Cornwall, Great Britain. In: J. Klápštĕ & P. Sommer (Eds). Medieval rural settlement in marginal landscapes. Brepols, Turnhout (Ruralia 7): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1484/M.RURALIA-EB.3.1159
Hindle, B. P. 1993: Roads, tracks and their interpretation. Batsford, London (Know the Landscape)
Horden, P., Purcell, N. 2000: The corrupting sea; a study of Mediterranean history. Blackwell, Oxford/Malden
Jones, D. G. L., Wmffre, I. Ll. 2004: Transhumance in the British Isles – decline or transformation? In: Bunce, R. G. H. et al., Transhumance and biodiversity in European mountains. Report of the EU-FP5 project TRANSHUMOUNT (EVK2-CT-2002- 80017). Alterra, Wageningen (IALE publication series 1): 69–89.
Klein, J. 1920: The Mesta, a study in Spanish economic history. Harvard UP. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674337206
Leibundgut, C., Vonderstrass, I. 2016: Traditionelle Bewässerung – ein Kulturerbe Europas. Merkur, Langenthal (2 Vols)
Luick, R. 2004: Transhumance in Germany. In: R.G.H. Bunce et al., Transhumance and biodiversity in European mountains. Report of the EU-FP5 project TRANSHUMOUNT (EVK2-CT-2002-80017). Alterra, Wageningen (IALE publication series 1), pp. 137– 154.
Meyer, W. 1990: Siedlungsprozesse in den Schweizer Alpen vom Hochmittelalter bis in die frühe Neuzeit, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der archäologischen Wüstungsforschung. Siedlungsforschung; Archäologie-Geschichte-Geographie 8: 159–164.
Nitz, H.-J. 1993: The European world-system: a Von Thünen interpretation of its eastern continental sector. In: Nitz, H.-J. (ed.). The early-modern world-system in geographical perspective. Steiner, Stuttgart (Erdkundliches Wissen 110), pp. 62–83.
Øye, I. 2009: On the margins of the medieval farm – Norwegian cases. In: Klápštĕ, J., Sommer, P. (Eds). Medieval rural settlement in marginal landscapes. Brepols, Turnhout (Ruralia 7), pp. 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1484/M.RURALIA-EB.3.1163
Pacher, S. 1993: Die Schwaighofkolonisation im Alpenraum; neue Forschungen aus historisch-geographischer Sicht. Zentralausschuß für deutsche Landeskunde, Trier (Forschungen zur Deutschen Landeskunde 236)
Parish, R. 2002: Mountain environments. Pearson, Harlow (Ecogeography Series)
Pawson, E., Egli, H.-R. 2001: History and (re)discovery of the European and New Zealand Alps until 1900. Mountain Research and Development 21: 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0350:HARDOT]2.0.CO;2
Perko, D., Ciglič, R., Geršič, M., Kladnik, D. 2017: Terraced landscapes; commemorating seventy years of the Anton Melik Geographical Institute ZRC SAZU. Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Ljubljana
Poulsen, B. 1992: Vlees en melk: de veeteelt; Deense rundveehouderij en de Europese markt. In: de Roos, M., Verschoor, M. (red.). De mens en het landschap. HD/M&P, Weert (De Wording van Europa), pp. 117–128.
Pounds, N. J. G. 1990: An historical geography of Europe. Cambridge UP, Cambridge etc. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511572265
Renes, H. 2015: Historic landscapes without history? A reconsideration of the concept of traditional landscapes. Rural Landscapes: Society, Environment, History 2(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.16993/rl.ae
Smaedecke, M. 2009: Die mittelalterliche Besiedlung marginaler Regionen auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Schweiz und ihre Erforschung. In: Klápštĕ, J., Sommer, P. (Eds). Medieval rural settlement in marginal landscapes. Brepols, Turnhout (Ruralia 7), pp. 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1484/M.RURALIA-EB.3.1177
Tabak, F. 2008: The waning of the Mediterranean, 1550–1870; a geohistorical approach. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Tauger, M. B. 2011: Agriculture in world history. Routledge, London/New York (Themes in World History) https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203847480
Van Prooije, L. A. 1990: Entwicklung der Holzverarbeitung und Flößerei in den Niederlanden im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. In: Hausbau in den Niederlanden; bouwstenen voor oude woonhuizen in Nederland. Jonas, Marburg (Jahrbuch für Hausforschung 39), pp. 39–48.
Zimányi, V. 1993: The Hungarian economy within the modern world-system. In: H.-J. Nitz (ed.). The early-modern world-system in geographical perspective. Steiner, Stuttgart (Erdkundliches Wissen 110), pp. 234–247.
http1: http://www.madrid-guide-spain.com/la-transhumancia.html [28-8-2016]
http2: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Mesta [8-10-2018]
http3: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cannada-real-vera-de-la-sierra.jpg [8-10-2018]
http4: https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/100906 [8-10-2018]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 H. Renes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).
