A szlovákiai mezőgazdasági táj jelenlegi problémáit tükröző országos mutatók
Nagy mezőgazdasági parcellák, üzemméret-struktúra és a fás szárú növényzet aránya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.4300Kulcsszavak:
Parcel size, Farm size, Woody vegetation, Green infrastructure, Agricultural landscape, Agro-environmental indicatorsAbsztrakt
The main problems of the agricultural landscape in Slovakia are the largest parcels in the EU, the share of agricultural land managed by large agro-holdings, and the low proportion of woody vegetation. The authors have analysed these issues using agricultural beneficiary data and remote sensing products. The parcel size and farm sizes were analysed from agricultural beneficiaries’ data, woody vegetation was analysed from the combined layer of Copernicus products and data from the Land Parcel Identification System. Regarding all three indicators, the situation is more problematic in the lowlands and partially in hilly areas. The proposed indicators could be applied to assess the impact of the new CAP (2023-2027), which supports the reduction of parcel size, improves conditions for small and medium farmers, and improves the share of green infrastructure in agricultural landscapes.
Hivatkozások
Baránková Z., Halada Ľ., Izakovičová Z., Šatalová B. 2010: The relevance of agri-environmental indicators for biodiversity protection in Slovakia. https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/sustainable-agriculture/44808059.pdf (access: 24th of Oct., 2023)
Bezák P., Mitchley J. 2014: Drivers of change in mountain farming in Slovakia: From socialist collectivisation to the Common Agricultural Policy. Regional Environmental Change 14: 1343–1356. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0580-x
Bezáková M., Bezák P. 2022: Which sustainability objectives are difficult to achieve? The mid-term evaluation of predicted scenarios in remote mountain agricultural landscapes in Slovakia. Land Use Policy 115. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106020.
Bindi M., Olesen, J. E. 2011: The responses of agriculture in Europe to climate change. Regional Environmental Change, 11(1): 151–158. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0173-x
Cebecauer, T., Hofierka, J. 2008:. The consequences of land-cover changes on soil erosion distribution in Slovakia. Geomorphology, 98(3-4):187-198. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.035
Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, 2021: HRL Forest 2018 Product User Manual. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency Report No.: 1.2. Internet: https://land.copernicus.eu/user-corner/technical-library/forest-2018-user-manual.pdf. (5.10.2022).
Cullotta S., Barbera G. 2011: Mapping traditional cultural landscapes in the Mediterranean area using a combined multidisciplinary approach: Method and application to Mount Etna (Sicily; Italy). Landscape and Urban Planning 100 (1-2): 98-108. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.11.012
Dinesh G. K., Sinduja M., Priyanka B., Sathya V., Karthika S., Meena R. S., Prasad S. 2022: Enhancing Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: Plans and Policies. In R. S. Meena, C. S. Rao, & A. Kumar (Eds.), Plans and Policies for Soil Organic Carbon Management in Agriculture: 95–121. Springer Nature. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6179-3_4
Diviaková A., Veverková D., Belaňová E. 2022: Proposals to Promote Ecological Stability and Landscape Biodiversity Conditions in the Land Consolidation Project: A Case Study of Horný Vinodol, Slovakia. Ekológia (Bratislava) 41(4): 361–374. DOI: http://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0037
Donald P.F., Pisano G., Rayment M.D., Pain D.J. 2002: The common agricultural policy, EU enlargement and the conservation of Europe’s farmland birds. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89(3): 167–182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00244-4
Dostálová, A., Lang, M., Ivanovs, J., Waser, L.T., Wagner, W. 2021: European wide forest classification based on sentinel-1 data. Remote Sensing 13(3): 337. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030337
Duru M., Therond O., Martin G., Martin-Clouaire R., Magne, M.-A., Justes E., Journet E.-P., Aubertot J.-N., Savary S., Bergez J.-E., Sarthou J. P. 2015: How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35: 1259–1281. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0306-1
EUROSTAT, 2020: Agri-environmental indicators (AEIs) - Agriculture - Eurostat. Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/agriculture/agri-environmental-indicators. (20.4.2023).
EUROSTAT, 2022: Farms and farmland in the European Union - statistics. Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Farms_and_farmland_in_the_European_Union_-_statistics. (20.4.2023).
FAO, 2020: Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Terms and Definitions. Forest Resources Assessment Working Paper.
Fecková, B. 2018: Aktualizácia a údržba registra LPIS. Internet: https://www.vupop.sk/data/metodika_LPIS_2018.pdf (20.4.2023).
Fritz, S., See, L., Mccallum, I., You, L., Bun, A., Moltchanova, E., Duerauer, M., Albrecht, F., Schill, C., Perger, C., Havlik, P., Mosnier, A., Thornton, P., Wood-Sichra, U., Herrero, M., Becker-Reshef, I., Justice, C., Hansen, M., Gong, P., Aziz, S.A., Cipriani, A., Cumani, R., Cecchi, G., Conchedda, G., Ferreira, S., Gomez, A., Haffani, M., Kayitakire, F., Malanding, J., Mueller, R., Newby, T., Nonguierma, A., Olusegun, A., Ortner, S., Rajak, D.R., Rocha, J., Schepaschenko, D., Schepaschenko, M., Terekhov, A., Tiangwa, A., Vancutsem, C., Vintrou, E., Wenbin, W., Velde, M. van der, Dunwoody, A., Kraxner, F., Obersteiner, M. 2015: Mapping global cropland and field size. Global Change Biology 21(5): 1980–1992. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12838
Gális M. 2020: Na poliach pusto O škodlivosti rozľahlých monokultúr na ornej pôde a možných riešeniach. Inštitút Environmentálnej Politiky, Ministerstvo Životného Prostredia SR.
Gasiorková, K., Hamlíková, Ľ., Sviček. M. 2010: Landscape features GIS layer creation for implementation and control of „Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions“.’ Kartografické listy.
Golicz K., Ghazaryan G., Niether W., Wartenberg A. C., Breuer L., Gattinger A., Jacobs S. R., Kleinebecker T., Weckenbrock P., Große-Stoltenberg A. 2021: The Role of Small Woody Landscape Features and Agroforestry Systems for National Carbon Budgeting in Germany. Land, 10(10): 1028. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/land10101028
Graesser, J., Ramankutty, N. 2017: Detection of cropland field parcels from Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 201: 165–180. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.027
Griffiths, P., Müller, D., Kuemmerle, T., Hostert, P. 2013: Agricultural land change in the Carpathian ecoregion after the breakdown of socialism and expansion of the European Union. Environmental Research Letters 8(4): 045024. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045024
Houšková, B., Mrvic, V., Delic, D., Ilavská, B., Jaramaz, D., Slajnikov, E., Sobocká, J., Stajkovic-Srbinovic, O., Sviček, M. 2015: Soil Registration and Protection in Conditions of EU Policy. Proceedings of Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute.
Izakovičová, Z., Špulerová, J., Raniak, A. 2022: The Development of the Slovak Agricultural Landscape in a Changing World. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6: 862451. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.862451
Izakovičová, Z., Swiader, M. 2017: Building Ecological Networks in Slovakia and Poland. Ekologia Bratislava 36(4): 303–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0025
Janeckova Molnarova, K., Bohnet, I.C., Svobodova, K., Černý Pixová, K., Daniels, M., Skaloš, J., Drhlíková, K., Azadi, H., Zámečník, R., Sklenička, P. 2022: Does Increasing Farm Plot Size Influence the Visual Quality of Everyday Agricultural Landscapes? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(1): 687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010687
Janovska, V., Simova, P., Vlasak, J., Sklenicka, P. 2017: Factors affecting farm size on the European level and the national level of the Czech Republic. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63(1): 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/317/2015-AGRICECON.
Jeanneret, P., Lüscher, G., Schneider, M.K., Pointereau, P., Arndorfer, M., Bailey, D., Balázs, K., Báldi, A., Choisis, J.P., Dennis, P., Diaz, M., Eiter, S., Elek, Z., Fjellstad, W., Frank, T., Friedel, J.K., Geijzendorffer, I.R., Gillingham, P., Gomiero, T., Jerkovich, G., Jongman, R.H.G., Kainz, M., Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., Moreno, G., Nascimbene, J., Oschatz, M.L., Paoletti, M.G., Sarthou, J.P., Siebrecht, N., Sommaggio, D., Wolfrum, S., Herzog, F. 2021: An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity. Communications Earth and Environment 2(1): 183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00256-x
Jepsen, M.R., Kuemmerle, T., Müller, D., Erb, K., Verburg, P.H., Haberl, H., Vesterager, J.P., Andrič, M., Antrop, M., Austrheim, G., Björn, I., Bondeau, A., Bürgi, M., Bryson, J., Caspar, G., Cassar, L.F., Conrad, E., Chromý, P., Daugirdas, V., Eetvelde, V.V., Elena-Rosselló, R., Gimmi, U., Izakovicova, Z., Jančák, V., Jansson, U., Kladnik, D., Kozak, J., Konkoly-Gyuró, E., Krausmann, F., Mander, Ü., McDonagh, J., Pärn, J., Niedertscheider, M., Nikodemus, O., Ostapowicz, K., Pérez-Soba, M., Pinto-Correia, T., Ribokas, G., Rounsevell, M., Schistou, D., Schmit, C., Terkenli, T.S., Tretvik, A.M., Trzepacz, P., Vadineanu, A., Walz, A., Zhllima, E., Reenberg, A. 2015: Transitions in European land-management regimes between 1800 and 2010. Land Use Policy 49: 53–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.003
Kertész Á., Madarász B. 2014: Conservation Agriculture in Europe. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2(1), 91–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-6339(15)30016-2
Kuemmerle, T., Hostert, P., St-Louis, V., Radeloff, V.C. 2009: Using image texture to map farmland field size: A case study in Eastern Europe. Journal of Land Use Science. 4(1–2): 85–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230802648786
Kühne I., Arlettaz R., Humbert J. 2022: Landscape woody features, local management and vegetation composition shape moth communities in extensively managed grasslands. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 15(6), 739–751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12600
Langanke T. 2015: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service High Resolution land cover characteristics. Small Woody Features 2015 reference year. Online (https://land.copernicus.eu/user-corner/technical-library/hrl_lot5_d5-1_product-specification-document_i3-4_public-1.pdf).
Latruffe, L., Diazabakana, A., Bockstaller, C., Desjeux, Y., Finn, J., Kelly, E., Ryan, M., Uthes, S. 2016: Measurement of sustainability in agriculture: A review of indicators. Studies in Agricultural Economics 118(3): 123–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1624
Li P., Kleijn D., Badenhausser I., Zaragoza-Trello C., Gross N., Raemakers I., Scheper, J. 2020: The relative importance of green infrastructure as refuge habitat for pollinators increases with local land-use intensity. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(8), 1494–1503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13658
Lieskovský, J., Bezák, P., Špulerová, J., Lieskovský, T., Koleda, P., Dobrovodská, M., Bürgi, M., Gimmi, U. 2015: The abandonment of traditional agricultural landscape in Slovakia – Analysis of extent and driving forces. Journal of Rural Studies 37: 75–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.12.007
Lieskovský, J., Kenderessy, P., Špulerová, J., Lieskovský, T., Koleda, P., Kienast, F., Gimmi, U. 2014: Factors affecting the persistence of traditional agricultural landscapes in Slovakia during the collectivization of agriculture. Landscape Ecology 29: 867–877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0023-1
Lieskovský, J., Rusňák, T., Klimantová, A., Izsóf, M., Gašparovičová, P. 2017: Appreciation of landscape aesthetic values in Slovakia assessed by social media photographs. Open Geosciences 9(1): 593–599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2017-0044
Lomba, A., Guerra, C., Alonso, J., Honrado, J.P., Jongman, R., McCracken, D. 2014: Mapping and monitoring High Nature Value farmlands: Challenges in European landscapes. Journal of Environmental Management 143: 140–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.029
Marshall, E. J. P., Moonen, A. C. 2002: Field margins in northern Europe: Their functions and interactions with agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89(1–2): 5–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00315-2
Martin, W. 2019: Economic growth, convergence, and agricultural economics. Agricultural Economics 50: 7–27.
Mazúr, E., Lukniš, M., Balatka, B., Loučková, J., Sládek, J. 1986: Geomorfologické členenie SSR a ČSSR. Časť Slovensko. Slovenská kartografia, Bratislava.
Miklós, L., Diviaková, A., Izakovičová, Z. 2019: Ecological networks and territorial systems of ecological stability. Springer International Publishing.
Munteanu, C., Radeloff, V., Griffiths, P., Halada, L., Kaim, D., Knorn, J., Kozak, J., Kuemmerle, T., Lieskovsky, J., Müller, D. 2017: Land change in the Carpathian region before and after major institutional changes. Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes in Eastern Europe after the Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991: 57–90.
Nowak, M.M., Pędziwiatr, K., Słupecka, K., Wawer, R. 2020: Parcel-based layout as a factor affecting the potential availability of ecosystem services provided by tree belts. Ecological Indicators. 119: 106836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106836
OECD. 2001: Environmental indicators for agriculture. OECD Observer 3(203). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264188556-en
Pazúr, R., Bolliger, J. 2017: Land changes in Slovakia: Past processes and future directions. Applied Geography 85: 163–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.05.009
Pe’er, G., Finn, J. A., Díaz, M., Birkenstock, M., Lakner, S., Röder, N., Kazakova, Y., Šumrada, T., Bezák, P., Concepción, E.D., Dänhardt, J., Morales, M.B., Rac, I., Špulerová, J., Schindler, S., Stavrinides, M., Targetti, S., Viaggi, D., Vogiatzakis, I.N., Guyomard, H. 2022: How can the European Common Agricultural Policy help halt biodiversity loss? Recommendations by over 300 experts. Conservation Letters 15(6): e12901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12901
Plieninger, T., Draux, H., Fagerholm, N., Bieling, C., Bürgi, M., Kizos, T., Kuemmerle, T., Primdahl, J., Verburg, P.H. 2016: The driving forces of landscape change in Europe: A systematic review of the evidence. Land Use Policy 57: 204-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.04.040
Power A. G. 2010: Ecosystem services and agriculture: Tradeoffs and synergies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554): 2959–2971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0143
Sklenicka, P., Janovska, V., Salek, M., Vlasak, J., Molnarova, K. 2014: The Farmland Rental Paradox: Extreme land ownership fragmentation as a new form of land degradation. Land Use Policy 38: 587-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.01.006
Sklenicka, P., Molnarova, K., Brabec, E., Pittnerova, B., Pixova, K., Šálek, M. 2009: Remnants of medieval field patterns in the Czech Republic: Analysis of driving forces behind their disappearance with special attention to the role of hedgerows. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 129(4): 465-473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.026
Skokanová, H., Faltan, V., Havlicek, M. 2016: Driving forces of main landscape change proceses from past 200 years in Central Europe - Differences between old de mocratic and post-socialist countries. Ekologia Bratislava 35(1): 50–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0004
Skokanová, H., Slach, T. 2020: Territorial system of ecological stability as a regional example for green infrastructure planning in the Czech Republic. Landscape Online 80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.202080
Spânu, I. A., Ozunu, A., Petrescu, D. C., Petrescu-Mag, R. M. 2022: A Comparative View of Agri-Environmental Indicators and Stakeholders’ Assessment of Their Quality. Agriculture (Switzerland) 12(4): 490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040490
Špulerová, J. 2008: Land use changes in the veselovianka river catchment in the Horná Orava region. Ekologia Bratislava. 27(3): 326–337.
Špulerová, J., Bezák, P., Dobrovodská, M., Lieskovský, J., Štefunková, D. 2017: Traditional agricultural landscapes in Slovakia: why should we preserve them? Landscape Research 42(8): 891–903. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1385749
Tetteh, G. O., Gocht, A., Conrad, C. 2020: Optimal parameters for delineating agricultural parcels from satellite images based on supervised Bayesian optimization. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 178:105696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105696.
Tschumi M., Birkhofer K., Blasiusson S., Jörgensen M., Smith H. G., Ekroos J. 2020: Woody elements benefit bird diversity to a larger extent than semi-natural grasslands in cereal-dominated landscapes. Basic and Applied Ecology, 46: 15–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020.03.005
Val, G. de la F. de, Atauri, J. A., Lucio, J. V. de 2006: Relationship between landscape visual attributes and spatial pattern indices: A test study in Mediterranean-climate landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 77(4): 393–407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.05.003
Valach M. 2022: Analyses of agri-environmental indicators at regional level in the Slovak republic. Scientific Papers: Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture & Rural Development 22(3).
Vojtek, M., Vojteková, J. 2019: Land use change and its impact on surface runoff from small basins: A case of Radiša basin. Folia Geographica 61(2): 104.
Wilson G.A., Buller H., 2001. The use of socio-economic and environmental indicators in assessing the effectiveness of EU agri-environmental policy. European Environment 11(6): 297–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.273
Zachar, D. (1982). Soil erosion. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. : distribution for the U.S.A. and Canada, Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.
Zanden, E. H. V. D., Verburg, P. H., Mücher, C. A. 2013: Modelling the spatial distribution of linear landscape elements in Europe. Ecological Indicators 27: 125–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.12.002
Letöltések
Megjelent
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Juraj Lieskovský, Jana Špulerová , Petra Gašparovičová , Tormáš Rusňák , Andrej Halabuk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).