Benefits and challenges of pastoralism system in Ethiopia

Authors

  • Abdulkadr Ahmed Abduletif Szent István Egyetem, Enyedi György Doctoral School of Regional Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18531/Studia.Mundi.2019.06.03.56-67

Keywords:

Pastoralism, Livestock, Sustainability, Challenges

Abstract

Pastoralism is an important livelihood system practice in most of the dryland areas of the globe.It is a source of income and way of livelihood for hundreds of millions of world population.This research aimed at explaining the benefits of pastoral system, identifying the main challenges the sector faced based on secondary data obtained from different official records such as FAO, CSA (Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia) and published research article and government reports. Besides this, this research also tried to indicate the possible way outs. Economically it contributes about 10%-40% of national GDP of countries and over 1.3 billion people benefited from the livestock value chain. Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa (first in Africa, and 5th in the world) and 20 % of the national export and 90% of live animal export of the Ethiopian trade, and 80% of annual milk supply to the Ethiopian
community resulted directly from the pastoralists. Yet the sectorial contribution has many bottlenecks and the most important one is lack of appropriate policy due to the misconception that the system is economically not feasible and environmentally unfriendly. In addition to this, unexpected, but short period drought and weak market chain, limited access to feed, equipment and information, market chain, animal health (veterinary) are contributing factors to the low contribution of the livestock sector. Ethiopia, with its huge livestock population and the increasing demand of global meat and milk demand, should give attention towards the sectorial
development including provision of infrastructure such as milk and milk processing industries, leather and leather processing industries, and focus on Diversification of economic activities inthe pastoral areas. Besides, the government of Ethiopia should give an emphasis on developing policies and strategies to increase productivity of livestock and maintain the development of
the sector. Furthermore, the government should devise mechanisms to control the illegal interboarder live animal export and way of measuring unaccounted (nonmarketable) values of livestock pastoral contributions.

 

Author Biography

  • Abdulkadr Ahmed Abduletif, Szent István Egyetem, Enyedi György Doctoral School of Regional Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences

    PhD Student
    E-mail: Ahmed.Abdulkadr@phd.uni-szie.hu

References

Abate, T. (2016). Indigenous Ecological Knowledge And Pastoralist Perception On Rangeland Management And Degradation In Guji Zone Of South Ethiopia. The Journal Of Sustainable Development, 15(1), 192-218.

Abdulatife M, Ebro A (2015). Assessment Of Pastoral Perceptions Towards Range And Livestock Management Practices In Chifra District Of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. Forest Res 4: 144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000144

Abule E, Snyman Ha, Smit Gn (2005) Comparisons Of Pastoralists Perceptions About Rangeland Resource Utilization In The Middle Awash Valley Of Ethiopia. J Environ Manage. Vol 75: p. 21–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.003

Angassa A, Oba G, Stenseth Nc (2012) Community-Based Knowledge Of Indigenous Vegetation In Arid African Landscapes. The Journal Of Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No 1. P:70–85

B. Worku, N. L. (2016). Pastoral Perceptions Towards Livestock And Rangeland Management Practices In Kuraz District Of South Omo Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Journal Of Natural Sciences Research. Vol.6, No.1., P. 60-69. ISSN 2224-3186

Blench R (2001) You Can’t Go Home Again: Pastoralism In The New Millennium. Overseas Development Institute, London

Catley, Andy. Pathways to Resilience in Pastoralist Areas: A Synthesis of Research in the Horn of Africa. Boston: Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, 2017.

CELEP (2017, May). Celep Policy Brief: Recognising The Role And Value Of Pastoralism And Pastoralists. Retrieved October 05, 2018, From Celep: Http://Www.Celep.Info/Wp-Content/Uploads/2017/05/Policybrief-Celep-May-2017- Value-Of-Pastoralism.Pdf

Cousins B, Hoffman Mt, Allsopp N, Rohde Rf (2007) A Synthesis Of Sociological And Biological Perspectives On Sustainable Land Use In Namaqualand. J Arid Environ 70:834–846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J. Jaridenv.2007.04.002

CSA (Central Statistical Authority) (2008). Summary And Statistical Report Of The 2007. Population And Housing Census. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

CSA. (2017). Agricultural Sample Survey, Livestock And Livestock Characteristics ( Private Peasant Holdings). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency Of Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia.

D. Tsegaye, P. V. (2013). Pastoralism And Livelihood: A Case Study From Northern Afar, Ethiopia. Journal Of Arid Environments, Vol. 91, p 138-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.002

Devereux S (2006). Vulnerable Livelihoods In Somali Region. Ids Research Report, Ethiopia, 57 14. FAO (2015), World Cattle Inventory: Ranking Of Countries, Web Site, Https://Www.Drovers.Com/Article/World-Cattle-Inventory-Ranking-Countries-Fao, Accessed November 6/2018

FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2018. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018. Building climate resilience for food security and nutrition. Rome, FAO. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Feye Y (2007) Pastoralists Perception Towards Range Resource Utilization And Range Condition Assessment In Gewane District Of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. Msc Thesis. School Of Graduate Studies, Haramaya University. p 65-66

Galvin Ka (2009) Transitions: Pastoralists Living With Change. Annu Rev Anthropol Vol. 38:185–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/Annurev-Anthro-091908-164442

Hardin G (1968). The Tragedy Of The Commons. Science 162: 1243–1248

Hassen, I.W., Dereje, M., Minten, B., Hirvonen, K., 2016. Diet transformation in Africa: the caseof Ethiopia. Ethiopia Strategy Support Program. IFPRI. Vol. 48, p.73- 86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12387

Hausner Vh, Fauchald P, Jernsletten J (2012). Community-Based Management: Under What Conditions Do Sa’mi Pastoralists Manage Pastures Sustainably? Plos One Vol. 7 No. 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/Journal. Pone.0051187

IFAD. (2008). Annual Report . Ifadifad. (2008). Annual Report, Enabling Poor Rural People To Overcome Poverty. Ifad.

IFAD, 2015. Smallholder Livestock Develop: Scaling Up Note. International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rome, Italy.

IGAD, (2013). The Contribution Of Livestock To The Ethiopian Economy, Policy Brief. Retrieved October 06, 2018, From Igad Center For Pastoral Areas & Livestock Development (Icpald).

James K, Michago Ws, Eid A, Admasu Lk (2014) Large Scale Land Deals In Ethiopia: Scale, Trends, Features And Outcomes To Date. Idrc And Iied, London, P 62. ISSN: 2225-739X, ISBN: 978-1-78431-020-2

James R. Simpson and Phylo Evangelou, Livestock Development in Subsaharan Africa: constraints, prospects, policy. Westview Replica Editions. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1984, 408 pp

Jenet, A., N. Buono, S. Di Lello, M. Gomarasca, C. Heine, S. Mason, M. Nori, R. Saavedra, K. Van Troos. 2016. The Path To Greener Pastures. Pastoralism, The Backbone Of The World’s Drylands. Vétérinaires Sans Frontières International (Vsf International). Brussels, Belgium.

Kaye-Zwiebel, E., & King, E. (2014). Kenyan Pastoralist Societies In Transition: Varying Perceptions Of The Value Of Ecosystem Services. Ecology And Society, 19(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06753-190317.

Konczacki, Z. A. (1978). The Economics Of Pastoralism: A Case Study Of Sub Saharan Africa . Taylor And Francis. ISBN 0-7146-3086-1

Kozár L.– Neszmélyi Gy (2014): Water Crisis in the Nile-Basin -: Is It Really a Zero Sum Game? Journal of American Business Review, Cambridge 2 : 2 pp. 91-98 (2014)

Kreutzmann, H. (2013). The Tragedy Of Resposibility In High Asia: Modernising Traditional Pastoral Practices And Preserving Modernist Worldviews. Pastoralism: Research, Policy And Practice. Vol. 3 No. 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-3-7

McMichael, A. J., Powles, J. W., Butler, C. D., & Uauy, R. (2007). Food, Livestock Production, Energy, Climate Change, And Health. The Lacent. Vol 370: No. 9594 p. 1253–1263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61256-2

Megersa B, Andre M, Angassa A, Anne Vz (2014) The Role Of Livestock Diversification In Ensuring Household Food Security Under A Changing Climate In Borana, Ethiopia. Journal Of Food Science Vol 6 No.1, p:15–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571- 013-0314-4

Melissa Leach and Robin Mearns 1996. In, Melissa Leach & Robin Mearns (eds). The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment. Oxford: James Currey, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3557002

MOARD (Ministry Of Agriculture And Rural Development) (2008). Relief Interventions In Pastoralist Areas Of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa.

Mohammed Y (2004) Pastoral And Land Tenure Issues And Development In The Middle Of Awash Valley. Msc Thesis. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 130 P

Mohammed Y (2010). Is It A Silent Travel To Death? Case Of The Subaltran Children Of Lucy. Uppsala, Sweden

Mohammed Yimer (2015) Brief For Gsdr Pastoral Development Pathways In Ethiopia; The Policy Environment And Critical Constraints

Neszmélyi Gy. (2016): Társadalmi és gazdasági kihívások Nigériában (Social and economic challenges in Nigeria). Földrajzi Közlemények 140 : 2 pp. 107-123.

Neszmélyi, Gy. (2017): The Challenges of Economic and Agricultural Developments of Taiwan: Comparison with South Korea. Tribun EU s.r.o. Brno, 2017 151 p. ISBN: 9788026313311

Niamir-Fuller. (2000). Managing Mobility in African Rangelands. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from Research gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237218321_Managing_Mobility_in_Africa n_Rangelands

Nyariki, D.M. 2017. Assessment of the economic valuation of pastoralism in Kenya. A report for IGAD, Nairobi, Kenya.

Nyariki, D.M., and R.K. Ngugi. 2002. A review of African pastoral production system: Approaches to their understanding and development. Journal of Human Ecology. Vol.13 No.3, p. 137–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2002.11905539

Olaotswe Kgosikoma, 2012, Witness Mojeremane, Barbra A. Harvie, Ecology And Society, Vol. 17, No. 4, Resilience Alliance Inc

Riginos C, Porensky L, Veblen K Et Al (2012) Lessons On The Relationship Between Livestock Husbandry And Biodiversity From The Kenya Long-Term Exclosure Experiment. Pastoralism: Res, Policy Prac 2:10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-2-10

S. Dong Et Al. (Eds.), (2016). Building Resilience Of Human-Natural Systems Of Pastoralism In The Developing World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-3072-9_1

Solomon B, Abebe M (2014) Safeguarding Pastoral Land Use Rights In Ethiopia. Conference On Land Policy In Africa., 11‐14 November, 2014, Addis Ababa

Sonneveld, B., Van Wesenbeeck, C., Keyzer, M., Beyene, F., Georgis, K., Urbano, F., Meroni, M., Et Al. (2017). Identifying Hot Spots Of Critical Forage Supply In Dryland Nomadic Pastoralist Areas: A Case Study For The Afar Region, Ethiopia. Land, 6(4), 82. Mdpi Ag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land6040082

Sulieman H, Ahmed A (2013) Monitoring Changes In Pastoral Resources In Eastern Sudan: A Synthesis Of Remote Sensing And Local Knowledge. Vol 3 No. 22

Tessema, W.K., Ingenbleek, P.T.M. & Van Trijp, H.C.M. (2014). Pastoralism, sustainability, and marketing. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. Vol 34: p.75-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S13593-013-0167-4

Thornton, P.K., (2010). Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. Vol 365, p.2853–2867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0134

Tilahun, M., Angassa, A., Abebe, A., & Mengistu, A. (2016). Perception And Attitude Of Pastoralists On The Use And Conservation Of Rangeland Resources In Afar Region, Ethiopia. Ecological Process. Vol 5 No. 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-016-0062-4

UN (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York, USA.

UNECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa). 2016. Expert group meeting on New Fringe Pastoralism (NFP) development, conflict and insecurity in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel. 25-27 Aug 2016. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/databases.aspx/.

UNEP. (2014, May 21). Sustainable Pastoralism And The Post 2015 Agenda. Retrieved Novomeber 10, 2018, From Unep: Https://Sustainabledevelopment.Un.Org/Content/Documents/3777unep.Pdf

WISP, W. I. (2016, August 09). Pastoralism To Sustaining Rangelands Ecology. Retrieved October 07, 2018, From World Initiative For Sustainable Pastoralism, Wisp: Http://Www.Fao.Org/3/A-Bq715e.Pdf

Wright, LA., Tarawali, S., Blummel, M., Gerard, B., Teufel, N., Herrero, M., (2012). Integrating Crop and livestock in Subtropical Agricultural System. J.Scie. Food Agric. Vol. 92, p.1010-1015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4556

Zewdie, B. B. (2015). Analyses Of Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) Policy’s Effectiveness In Ethiopia. Journal for Studies In ManagementAnd Planning, vol. 01 No. 11

Downloads

Published

2019-09-28

Similar Articles

1-10 of 50

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.