A szárny dimorfizmus/polimorfizmus a poloskáknál (hemiptera, heteroptera): áttekintés funkcionális nézőpontból
II. rész: Fitofág fajok
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4854Kulcsszavak:
szárny dimorfizmus/polimorfizmus, Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoris apterus, Blissidae, Jadera haematolomaAbsztrakt
Ez a közlemény a második része a poloskák (Hemiptera:Heteroptera) szárny dimorfizmusát/polimorfizmusát funkcionális nézőpontból tárgyaló szakirodalmi áttekintésnek. Ezen rész a fitofág fajokra vonatkozó esettanulmányokat mutatja be,néhány általános következtetés levonásával. Részletesebben ismert a verőköltő poloska: Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758), néhány karcsúbodobácsfaj: Blissidae: főleg a Cavelerius saccharivorus (Okajima,1922) néhány bodobácsfaj (Lygaeidae) és a Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) (Rhopalidae) szárny dimorfizmusa/polimorfizmusa. Általában a makropter forma később válik szaporodóképessé, ami hozzájárul a nagyobb terjedőképességéhez, de nyilvánvaló reproduktív hátrányt is jelent. A szárny dimorphizmus/polimorfizmus legtöbb ismert esetében a szárnyforma kialakulását erősen befolyásolják a környezeti tényezők (polifenizmus), de a Lygaeinae alcsaládban több ismert példája van a genetikailag determinált szárnydimorfizmusnak. Az évszakos szárnydimorfizmus/polimorfizmus nagyon gyakori a részletesebben tanulmányozott északi mérsékelt övi fajok között. A dimorph/polimorf szárnyú, fitofág “gradációs” fajok (karcsúbodobácsok, Leptoterna dolobrata) az egyébként ritka makropterek tömegtermelésével reagálnak a nagy populációsűrűségre és a táplálék minőségi változására. A külsőleg látható szárnydimorfizmust/polimorfizmust gyakran a szárnyizmok dimorfizmusa/polimorfizmusa egészíti ki. A részleges és teljes szárnyvesztés ismert esetei szintén említésre kerülnek.
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