Dose-Dependent Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity Study of Prochloraz on Chicken Embryos
Keywords:
prochloraz, chicken embryo, dose-dependent embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, injectionAbstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the dose-dependent embryotoxic and possible teratogenic effects of Faxer fungicide (450 g/l prochloraz) on the development of chicken embryos. The pesticide was applied at a practical spray concentration (3.33 μl/ml), and at twofold (6.66 μl/ml) and fivefold (16.65 μl/ml) doses. Emulsions of the test material were injected in 0.1 ml volume into the air chamber of the chicken eggs before starting the incubation. The chicken embryos were examined on day 19 by the followings: rate of embryo mortality, body weight, prevalence and type of developmental anomalies by macroscopic examination. The body weight of the live embryos was evaluated statistically by one-way ANOVA, the embryo mortality and the developmental anomalies were analysed by Fisher’s exact test. Based on the results, we found that the embryotoxic effect increased with higher concentrations. In the fivefold dose (16.65 μl/ml), the average body weight of the chicken embryos was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. The highest concentration of prochloraz-containing fungicide significantly increased (p<0.001) the mortality of chicken embryos compared to the control. Treatment induced growth retardation and embryonic minor structural anomalies were sporadic. No teratogenic effect was confirmed even in the fivefold dose.
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