Effect of Abiotic Factors on Herbicide Tolerance in Solanum Nigrum Populations
Keywords:
Solanum nigrum, abiotic factors, herbicide resistance, climate, glyphosateAbstract
Abiotic factors such as light, temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture and carbon dioxide have an effect on herbicide efficacy and performance. As weeds continue to evolve with changes in climate, it is important to understand the impact on herbicide effectiveness in management strategies. In this paper, we describe changes in the sensitivity of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) population to glyphosate under different growing conditions and demonstrate that resistance mechanism may be climate dependent. Young Solanum nigrum plants were treated with normal and double dose rates of glyphosate. Observations were recorded 5, 14, 21 and 28 days consecutively after treatment with glyphosate. Some of the Solanum nigrum populations exhibited some level of tolerance to glyphosate in the first round of the experiment for both normal and double dose under ambient conditions. However, a repeat experiment using the same samples and treatment in a controlled environment (growing chamber) where growing conditions was set did not yield the same observations made under ambient conditions. Further investigations and experiments are recommended and may provide more explanation to the differences in results obtained for initial tolerance in Solanum nigrum samples which could be attributed to the differences in growing conditions.
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