A kansperma tárolásának történeti áttekintése
Kulcsszavak:
sertés termékenyítő anyag, fagyasztás, felolvasztás, spermakezelésAbsztrakt
A haszonállatok termékenyítő anyagának hosszabb távú tárolása és minőségének ilyen módon történő megőrzése már évszázadokkal ezelőtt is elérendő cél volt az állattartók és nemesítők körében. A mesterséges termékenyítés megjelenésével és elterjedésével párhuzamosan mind a rövidtávú, mind a hosszú távú spermatárolás megoldása nélkülözhetelenné vált. A kezdeti hűtést a fagyasztás váltotta fel, és a XX. század második felében ugrásszerű fejlődésnek indult a spermamélyhűtés. A kutatólaboratóriumokból egymás után láttak napvilágot a különféle spermakezelési eljárások, melyek döntő, lényegi lépései megegyeztek. A hígítás, az ekvilibrálás, a centrifugálás és az adalékanyagok, mint a glicerol, alkalmazása nélkülözhetetlennek bizonyultak. A kutatók egyre jobb fagyasztási és felolvasztási technikákat alkalmaztak, ahol nemcsak a fagyasztást és a felolvasztást oldották meg, hanem azt is, hogy a spermiumok felolvasztás után is életképesek maradjanak. Ez a hetvenes évek elejére több-kevesebb sikerrel megvalósult. A spermiumok életképességének becslésére különféle vizsgálati módszereket dolgoztak ki. Számos festési eljárást fejlesztettek ki, melyeket a mai napig sikeresen alkalmaznak az élő vagy elhalt spermiumok kimutatására, illetve a spermium akroszómája integritásának kiderítésére. A rengeteg kísérlet és kutatás ellenére a hosszú távú spermatárolás nem eléggé magas hatásfokú, folyamatos kutatómunkával napjainkban is folyik az eljárások tökéletesítése.
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