Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Coal Mine Waste Dumps Based on Statistical Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.4957Palavras-chave:
waste dump, coal mine, heavy metals, statistical analysis, devastated landscape, landscape ecologyResumo
At the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in autumn 2021 (COP26), world leaders and participants decided to phase out coal energy and gradually replace fossil fuels. At COP26, Ukraine has committed to shutting down state-owned coal-fired power plants by 2035, reducing methane emissions by 30% by 2030 and halting deforestation. The waste dumps are also a detrimental factor in coal mining. The determination of the heavy metals content in the waste dumps of coal mines is a topical issue today, as the results of such studies are part of the monitoring of the environmental safety of mining regions. This scientific article considers the results of research on the heavy metals content in the waste dumps and their distribution in one of the largest coal mines in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin – ‘Chervonohradska’ (Ukraine). 2.9 million m3 of rock have accumulated in the dump since 1971. Every year, 40,000 m3 of fresh rock is dumped. Samples were taken uniformly from all sides of the dump in places with no vegetation cover. Note that exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations of the studied heavy metals is observed in all areas except for Zn. Statistical analysis of the results of semi-quantitative spectral studies of waste dumps rock at the Chervonohradska mine site was performed using the Statistica 8 applied statistics package. According to the results of more than 50 samples taken at a depth of 0.3 m, the statistical distribution of heavy metals Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Co in the mine dumps was determined, and a correlation analysis was performed. It was found that the distributions of Cu and Zn in dumps are closest to normal. The nonparametric Spearman coefficient (rs) revealed the average level of correlation of the content of heavy metals in the pairs Mn and Ni (rs = 0.46), Mn and Zn (rs = 0.52), Ni and Zn (rs = 0.57), Cu and Zn (rs = 0.49). Chaotic and uneven discharge of rock onto the open area caused uneven substrate deposition of certain chemical elements in the profile of the dump.
Referências
Abraham, J., Dowling, K., Florentine, S. 2018: Assessment of potentially toxic metal contamination in the soils of a legacy mine site in Central Victoria, Australia. Chemosphere 192: 122–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.150
Abramowicz, A., Chybiorz, R. 2019: Fire detection based on a series of thermal images and point measurements: the case study of coal-waste dumps. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W2: 9–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-1-W2-9-2019
Abramowicz, A., Chybiorz, R. 2020: Identification of fire changes using thermal IR images: the case of coal-waste dumps. Proceedings of the 15th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Conference, 114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2020.114
Abramowicz, A., Rahmonov, O., Chybiorz, R. 2021: Environmental Management and Landscape Transformation on Self-Heating Coal-Waste Dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Land 10: 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010023
Alam, M., Hussain, Z., Khan, A., Khan, M. A., Rab, A., Asif, M., Shah, M.A., Muhammad, A. 2020: The effects of organic amendments on heavy metals bioavailability in mine impacted soil and associated human health risk. Scientia Horticulturae 262: 109067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109067
Álvarez, E., Fernández Marcos, M.L., Vaamonde, C., Fernández-Sanjurjo, M.J. 2003. Heavy metals in the dump of an abandoned mine in Galicia (NW Spain) and in the spontaneously occurring vegetation. Science of The Total Environment, 313(1–3): 185–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00261-4
Biletsky, V.S. 2004. Mining encyclopedic dictionary. Oriental Publishing House 3: 752. (In Ukrainian).
Blyuss, B., Semenenko, Ye., Medvedieva, O., Kyrychko, S., Karatayev, A. 2020: Parameters determination of hydromechanization technologies for the dumps development as technogenic deposits. Mining of Mineral Deposits 14(1): 51–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33271/mining14.01.051
Bosak, P., Popovych, V., Stepova, K., Dudyn, R. 2020: Environmental impact and toxicological properties of mine dumps of the Lviv-Volyn Coal basin. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 2(440): 48–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170X.30
Chen, J., Deng, S., Jia, W., Li, X., Chang, J. 2021: Removal of multiple heavy metals from mining-impacted water by biochar-filled constructed wetlands: Adsorption and biotic removal routes. Bioresource Technology 331: 125061. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125061
Jung, M.C., Thornton, I. 1996: Heavy metal contamination of soils and plants in the vicinity of a lead-zinc mine, Korea. Applied Geochemistry 11(1–2): 53–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00075-5
Kalybekov, T., Rysbekov, K., Sandibekov, M., Bi, Y.L., Toktarov, A. 2020: Substantiation of the intensified dump reclamation in the process of field development. Mining of Mineral Deposits, 14(2): 59–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33271/mining14.02.059
Karabyn, V., Popovych, V., Shainoha, I., Lazaruk, Y. 2019: Long-term monitoring of oil contamination of profile-differen-tiated soils on the site of influence of oil-and-gas wells in the central part of the Boryslav-Pokuttya oil-and-gas bearing area. Petroleum and Coal 61(1): 81–89.
Karimaei, M., Dabbaghi, F., Sadeghi-Nik, A., Dehestani, M. 2020: Mechanical performance of green concrete produced with untreated coal waste aggregates. Construction and Building Materials 233: 117264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117264
Kribek, B., Bicakova, O., Sykorova, I., Havelcova, M., Veselovsky, F., Knesl, I., Meszarosova, N. 2021: Experimental pyrolysis of metalliferous coal: a contribution to the understanding of pyrometamorphism of organic matter and sulfides during coal waste heaps fires. International Journal of Coal Geology 245: 103817. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2021.103817
Kuraeva, I.V., Roga, I.V., Sorokina, L. Yu., Golubtsov, O.G. 2012: Estimation of heavy metals content and conditions of their migration in agro-landscapes of Ternopil region. Ukrainian Geographical Journal 3: 25–33. (In Ukrainian)
Linhares, D., Pimentel, A., Borges, C., Cruz, J.V., Garcia, P., Rodrigues, A. dos S. 2019: Cobalt distribution in the soils of São Miguel Island (Azores): From volcanoes to health effects. Science of The Total Environment 684: 715–721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.359
Luo, D., Zheng, H., Chen, Y., Wang, G., Fenghua, D. 2010: Transfer characteristics of cobalt from soil to crops in the suburban areas of Fujian Province, southeast China. Journal of Environmental Management 11: 2248–2253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.06.001
Moreno-Jiménez, E., Peñalosa, J.M., Manzano, R., Carpena-Ruiz, R.O., Gamarra, R., Esteban, E. 2009: Heavy metals distribution in soils surrounding an abandoned mine in NW Madrid (Spain) and their transference to wild flora. Journal of Hazardous Materials 162(2–3): 854–859. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.109
Moshynskyi, V., Malanchuk, Z., Tsymbaliuk, V., Malanchuk, L., Zhomyruk, R., Vasylchuk, O. 2020: Research into the process of storage and recycling technogenic phosphogypsum placers. Mining of Mineral Deposits 14(2): 95–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33271/mining14.02.095
Nadudvari, A., Abramowicz, A., Ciesielczuk, J., Cabala, J., Misz-Kennan, M., Fabianska, M. 2021: Self-heating coal waste fire monitoring and related environmental problems: case studies from Poland and Ukraine. Journal of Environmental Geography 14(3–4): 26–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2021-0009
Petlovanyi, M.V., Zubko, S.A., Popovych, V.V., Sai, K.S. 2020: Physicochemical mechanism of structure formation and strengthening in the backfill massif when filling underground cavities. Voprosy khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii 6: 142–150. DOI: https://doi.org/0.32434/0321-4095-2020-133-6-142-150
Popovych, V., Stepova, K., Voloshchyshyn, A., Bosak, P. 2019: Physico-chemical properties of soils in Lviv – Volyn coal basin area. E3S Web of Conferences: 10502002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910502002
Popovych, V., Voloshchyshyn, A. 2019: Features of temperature and humidity conditions of extinguishing waste heaps of coal mines in spring. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 4(436): 230–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-170X.118
Silveira, F.A.O., Rossatto, D.R., Heilmeier, H., Overbeck, G.E. 2022: Fire and vegetation: Introduction to the special issue. Flora 286: 151985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151985
Terekhov, Ye., Litvinov, Yu., Fenenko, V., Drebenstedt, C. 2021: Management of land reclamation quality for agricultural use in opencast mining. Mining of Mineral Deposits 15(1): 112–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33271/mining15.01.112
Wahsha, M., Bini C., Argese, E., Minello, F., Fontana, S., Wahsheh, H. 2012: Heavy metals accumulation in willows growing on Spolic Technosols from the abandoned Imperina Valley mine in Italy. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 123: 19–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.07.004
Welch, C., Barbour, S.L., Hendry, M.J. 2021: The geochemistry and hydrology of coal waste rock dumps: a systematic global review. Science of The Total Environment 795: 148798. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148798
Woch, M.W., Radwańska, M., Stanek, M., Łopata, B., Stefanowicz, A.M. 2018: Relationships between waste physicochemical properties, microbial activity and vegetation at coal ash and sludge disposal sites. Science of The Total Environment 642: 264–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.038
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Vasyl Popovych, Olga Menshykova, Andriy Voloshchyshyn, Yaroslav Genyk, Мykhaylo Petlovanyi, Bogdan Ilkiv
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A folyóirat Open Access (Gold). Cikkeire a Creative Commons 4.0 standard licenc alábbi típusa vonatkozik: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0. Ennek értelmében a mű szabadon másolható, terjeszthető, bemutatható és előadható, azonban nem használható fel kereskedelmi célokra (NC), továbbá nem módosítható és nem készíthető belőle átdolgozás, származékos mű (ND). A licenc alapján a szerző vagy a jogosult által meghatározott módon fel kell tüntetni a szerző nevét és a szerzői mű címét (BY).
