Élet az édesvízhiánnyal: vízkészlet-gazdálkodás Namíbiában
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4848Kulcsszavak:
Namíbia, vízkészlet-gazdálkodás, édesvízhiány, NamWater, jogi keretrendszerAbsztrakt
Namíbia egy száraz ország Afrika déli részén. Gyakori az édesvízhiány, és számos intézkedést szükséges alkalmaznia ennek a szűkös erőforrásnak a fenntartható és méltányos kezelése érdekében. A Földművelésügyi, Vízügyi és Földreformügyi Minisztérium koordinálja a vízügyi ágazatot. Egy állami tulajdonú vállalat, a NamWater szolgáltatja a víz többségét és nagy vízügyi infrastruktúrát kezel. Az ország az integrált vízkészlet-gazdálkodás politikáját követi, és a vízzel kapcsolatos döntéshozatal egy részét a vízgyűjtő szintjére ruházta át. A határokon átnyúló vízgyűjtőket jogi megállapodások és a medenceállamokat képviselő multinacionális állandó bizottságok kezelik. A fogyasztók vízellátására olyan technológiákat alkalmaznak, mint a gátak az időszakos folyókban, a medencén belüli és a medencék közötti vízszállítási rendszerek, a szennyvíz visszanyerése az ivóvíz szabványok szerint, a víztartók mesterséges feltöltése, a sótalanítás és a különféle vízforrások együttes használata. A vízigény kezelése, főleg az oktatás, a tájékoztatás, a korlátozások és tarifák visszaszorítják a pazarló vízhasználatot.
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