Áttekintés a rizs arzéntartalmának csökkentési lehetőségeiről
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4492Kulcsszavak:
arzén, fajtakülönbségek, vízgazdálkodás, ásványi tápanyag alkalmazásAbsztrakt
Az arzén (As) az egyik legmérgezőbb félfém, amely a szennyezett vizekkel és élelmiszerekkel bekerülhet az emberi szervezetbe is, és ott súlyos egészségügyi problémákat okozhat. A gabonafélék között a rizs az egyik, amely a legmagasabb koncentrációban tartalmazhat arzént. Ezért az arzéntartalom csökkentése alapvetően fontos a termelés során. Az arzén felvételének, felhalmozásának és a növényen belüli transzportjának a mechanizmusait számos tudományos publikációban vizsgálták. Az arzén felvételét számos tényező befolyásolja, mint a talajtípus, a pH, az ásványi anyagok mennyisége, a talajok redox tulajdonsága, az arzén kémiai formája és a talajok mikrobiológiai aktivitása. A különböző tápanyagok, mint a foszfor, a vas, a szilícium és a kén hatékonyan szabályozzák az arzén felvételét és felhalmozódását a különböző növényi részekben. Emellett a fajták közötti genetikai különbségek is befolyásolják az arzén beépülését a szemekbe. Az agrotechnikai lépések között a megfelelő vízgazdálkodási gyakorlatok segíthetnek az arzénfelvétel csökkentésében a talaj redox tulajdonságainak szabályozása által. A foszfor és szilícium transzporterek segítségével juthat az arzén a rizs gyökérsejtekbe, ezért az arzén detoxifikáció folyamata nagyban függ ezektől a transzporterektől. Ebben az áttekintésben sorra vesszük az arzén felvételében, felhalmozásában és a rizsnövényen belüli transzportjában szerepet játszó főbb tényezőket. Megvizsgáljuk a különböző talajtulajdonságok és a sejttranszporterek szerepét is. Jelen tanulmányunk alapja lehet az arzénfelvétel csökkentését célzó új kutatási programok kidolgozásának és ezáltal hozzájárulhat a biztonságosabb élelmiszerellátáshoz.
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