A budapesti fafajok képességének értékelése a légköri nehézfémek megkötésére
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3359Kulcsszavak:
nehézfém, tilia tomentosa, fás szárú növényAbsztrakt
A városi zöld infrastruktúra tervezése alapvető szerepet játszik a környezetszennyezés csökkentésében, mint például a nehézfémek megkötésében. A csökkentési hatásokat azonban egyaránt befolyásolják az egyes városok eltérő szennyezési feltételei, valamint a fák és a szennyezés specifikus kölcsönhatásai. Munkánk során Budapesten három közönséges városi fás szárú növényt (Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L. Westhof’s Glorie és Tilia tomentosa Moench) vizsgáltunk, hogy összehasonlítsuk nehézfém megkötő képességüket a levelekre kiülepedett porban és a levelekben is. Az összes mintát nedves roncsolással készítettük elő. Négy közlekedési eredetű nehézfém (Zn, Cu, Pb és Ni) meghatározása atomabszorpciós spektrométer (AAS) segítségével történt. A vizsgált eredmények azt mutatták, hogy az összes mért elem releváns koncentrációja minden vizsgált fajban állandó, nevezetesen Zn < Cu < Pb < Ni. Bár a teljes nehézfém-tartalom a porlerakódásban a vegetációs periódus vége felé nőtt, a teljes fémkoncentráció legnagyobb százaléka a nyári szezonban volt kimutatható, mivel a szállópor források évszakosan változtak. Ezek azt mutatják, hogy a fás szárú növények ideális jelöltek lehetnek aszennyezés monitorozására. A vizsgált elemek mindegyike a T. tomentosa porlerakódásában volt a legnagyobb az összes mintavételi idő alatt, ezt követte az A. platanoides, a legkevésbé pedig a F. excelsior. Szignifikáns korrelációt találtunk a porlerakódás és a levél fémtartalma között a T. tomentosaban (0,926 p<0,01). Ezért javasoljuk a T. tomentosat, amely jobb légköri nyomelem-megkötő képességgel rendelkezik, mint az A. platanoides és a F. excelsior, így jobb választás a városi szennyezés csökkentésére.
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